Sulbactam
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics.[1]
 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| MedlinePlus | a693021 |
| Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 29% |
| Elimination half-life | 0.65–1.20 hrs |
| Excretion | Mainly kidneys (41–66% within 8 hrs) |
| Identifiers | |
IUPAC name
| |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.063.506 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H11NO5S |
| Molar mass | 233.24 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 148 to 151 °C (298 to 304 °F) |
SMILES
| |
InChI
| |
| (verify) | |
It was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1986.[2]
Medical uses
The combination ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) is available in the United States.[3]
The combination cefoperazone/sulbactam (Sulperazon) is available in many countries.[4]
The co-packaged combination sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023.[5]
Mechanism
Sulbactam is primarily used as a suicide inhibitor of β-lactamase, shielding more potent beta-lactams such as ampicillin.[6] Sulbactam itself contains a beta-lactam ring, and has weak antibacterial activity by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins (PBP) 1 and 3, but not 2.[7]
References
- Totir MA, Helfand MS, Carey MP, et al. (August 2007). "Sulbactam forms only minimal amounts of irreversible acrylate-enzyme with SHV-1 beta-lactamase". Biochemistry. 46 (31): 8980–7. doi:10.1021/bi7006146. PMC 2596720. PMID 17630699.
- Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 492. ISBN 9783527607495.
- "Unasyn- ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium injection, powder, for solution". DailyMed. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Sulperazon". drugs.com.
- "FDA Approves New Treatment for Pneumonia Caused by Certain Difficult-to-Treat Bacteria". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- Crass, Ryan L.; Pai, Manjunath P. (February 2019). "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of β-Lactamase Inhibitors". Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 39 (2): 182–195. doi:10.1002/phar.2210. PMID 30589457. S2CID 58567725.
- Penwell, William F.; Shapiro, Adam B.; Giacobbe, Robert A.; Gu, Rong-Fang; Gao, Ning; Thresher, Jason; McLaughlin, Robert E.; Huband, Michael D.; DeJonge, Boudewijn L. M.; Ehmann, David E.; Miller, Alita A. (March 2015). "Molecular Mechanisms of Sulbactam Antibacterial Activity and Resistance Determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 59 (3): 1680–1689. doi:10.1128/AAC.04808-14. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 4325763. PMID 25561334.
Further reading
- Singh GS (January 2004). "Beta-lactams in the new millennium. Part-II: cephems, oxacephems, penams and sulbactam". Mini Rev Med Chem. 4 (1): 93–109. doi:10.2174/1389557043487547. PMID 14754446.