Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces

The position of Commander-in-Chief (Farmandehe Koll-e Qova (Persian: فرمانده کل قوا), formerly known as Bozorg Arteshtārān (Persian: بزرگ‌ارتشتاران) is the ultimate authority of all the Armed Forces of Iran, and the highest possible military position within the Islamic Republic of Iran. The position was established during the Persian Constitutional Revolution. According to the Constitution of Iran, the position is vested in the Supreme Leader of Iran and is held since 1981.

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
فرمانده کل نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران (Persian)
Incumbent
Supreme leader Ali Khamenei
since 4 June 1989
Iranian Armed Forces
SeatTehran, Iran
AppointerAssembly of Experts
Formation6 August 1906
First holderShah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
DeputyPresident Ebrahim Raisi

List of commanders-in-chief
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Military rank Military branch Deputies
Took office Left office Time in office
Qajar Iran • Sublime State of Persia (1906–1925) •
1
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
Shah, MozaffarShah
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
(1853–1907)		6 August 19063 January 1907 †150 daysN/AN/AMoshir al-Dowleh (1906–1907)
2
Mohammad Ali Shah
Shah, MohammadShah
Mohammad Ali Shah
(1872–1925)		3 January 190716 July 19092 years, 194 daysN/AN/ASoltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham (21 March 1907–30 April 1907)
Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan (1 May 1907–31 August 1907)
Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh (16 September 1907–27 October 1907)
Abolqasem Naser ol-Molk (27 October 1907–21 December 1907)
Hossein-Qoli Nezam al-Saltaneh Mafi (21 December 1907–21 May 1908)
Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh (7 June 1908–29 April 1909)
Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh (29 April 1909–2 May 1909)
Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh (2 May 1909–13 July 1909)
–
Alireza Khan
Khan, AliRegent
Alireza Khan
(1847–1910)		16 July 1909[1]22 September 1910 †1 year, 56 daysN/AN/AMohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (1909–25 July 1910)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (25 July 1910–22 September 1910)
–
Abolqasem Khan
Khan, AbolqasemRegent
Abolqasem Khan
(1856–1927)		22 September 1910[1]21 July 19143 years, 314 daysN/AN/AMostowfi ol-Mamalek (22 September 1910–12 March 1911)
Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (12 March 1911–26 July 1911)
Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari (26 July 1911–17 January 1913)
Mohammad-Ali Ala ol-Saltaneh (18 January 1913–16 August 1913)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (17 August 1913–21 July 1914)
3
Ahmad Shah
Shah, AhmadShah
Ahmad Shah
(1898–1930)		21 July 1914[1]14 February 192511 years, 147 daysN/AN/AMostowfi ol-Mamalek (21 July 1914–14 March 1915)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (21 July 1914–14 March 1915)
Hassan Pirnia (14 March 1915–1 May 1915)
Abdol Majid Mirza (1 May 1915–18 August 1915)
Abdol Majid Mirza (1 May 1915–18 August 1915)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (18 August 1915–24 December 1915)
Abdol-Hossein Mirza Farman Farma (24 December 1915–29 February 1916)
Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (1 March 1916–29 August 1916)
Vossug ed Dowleh (29 August 1916–5 June 1917)
Mohammad-Ali Ala ol-Saltaneh (5 June 1917–21 November 1917)
Abdol Majid Mirza (21 November 1917–16 January 1918)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (16 January 1918–1 May 1918)
Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari (1 May 1918–8 August 1918)
Vossug ed Dowleh (8 August 1918–3 July 1920)
Hassan Pirnia (3 July 1920–27 October 1920)
Fathollah Khan Akbar (27 October 1920–22 February 1921)
Zia ol Din Tabatabaee (22 February 1921–4 June 1921)
Qavām os-Saltaneh (4 June 1921–21 January 1922)
Hassan Pirnia (21 January 1922–22 June 1922)
Qavām os-Saltaneh (22 June 1922–15 February 1923)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (15 February 1923–15 June 1923)
Hassan Pirnia (15 June 1923–26 October 1923)
Reza Khan (26 October 1923–14 February 1925)
4
Reza Khan
Khan, RezaPrime Minister
Reza Khan
(1878–1944)
[lower-alpha 1]		14 February 1925[2]15 December 1925304 daysBrigadier generalPersian Cossack Brigade
(1894–1921)		–
Pahlavi Iran • Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979) •
1
Reza Shah
Shah, RezaShah
Reza Shah
(1878–1944)		15 December 192516 September 194115 years, 275 daysBrigadier generalPersian Cossack Brigade
(1894–1921)		Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1925–1927)
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (1926–1927)
Mehdi Hedayat (1927–1933)
Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1933–1935)
Mahmoud Djam (1935–1939)
Ahmad Matin-Daftari (1939–1940)
Ali Mansur (1940–1941)
2
Mohammad Reza Shah
Shah, MohammadShah
Mohammad Reza Shah
(1919–1980)		16 September 194121 July 195210 years, 309 daysCaptain[3]Imperial Iranian Army
(1936–1941)[3]		Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1941–1942)
Ahmad Qavam (1942–1943)
Ali Soheili (1943–6 April 1944)
Mohammad Sa'ed (6 April 1944–25 November 1944)
Morteza-Qoli Bayat (25 November 1944–13 May 1945)
Ebrahim Hakimi (13 May 1945–6 June 1945)
Mohsen Sadr (6 June 1945–30 October 1945)
Ebrahim Hakimi (30 October 1945–1946)
Ahmad Qavam (1946–1947)
Reza Hekmat (1947)
Ebrahim Hakimi (1947–1948)
Abdolhossein Hazhir (1948)
Mohammad Sa'ed (1948–1950)
Ali Mansur (23 March 1950–26 June 1950)
Ali Razmara (26 June 1950–7 March 1951)
Khalil Fahimi (7 March 1951–12 March 1951)
Hossein Ala' (12 March 1951–27 April 1951)
Mohammad Mosaddegh (28 April 1951–21 July 1952)
3
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mosaddegh, MohammadPrime Minister
Mohammad Mosaddegh
(1882–1967)
[lower-alpha 2]		21 July 195219 August 19531 year, 29 daysN/AN/AAhmad Qavam (21 July 1952)
(2)
Mohammad Reza Shah
Shah, MohammadShah
Mohammad Reza Shah
(1919–1980)		19 August 195311 February 197925 years, 176 daysCaptainImperial Iranian Army
(1936–1941)		Fazlollah Zahedi (1953–1955)
Hossein Ala' (1955–1957)
Manouchehr Eghbal (1957–1960)
Jafar Sharif-Emami (1960–1961)
Ali Amini (1961–1962)
Asadollah Alam (1964–1965)
Hassan-Ali Mansur (1965–1977)
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (1977–1978)
Jamshid Amouzegar (1978)
Gholam-Reza Azhari (1978–1979)
Shapour Bakhtiar (1979)
Iran • Islamic Republic of Iran (1980–present) •
1
Abolhassan Banisadr
Banisadr, AbolhassanPresident
Abolhassan Banisadr
(1933–2021)
[lower-alpha 3]		19 February 1980[6]10 June 1981[7]1 year, 111 daysN/AN/AMohammad-Ali Rajai (1980–1981)
2
Ruhollah Khomeini
Khomeini, RuhollahSupreme Leader
Ruhollah Khomeini
(1902–1989)		10 June 19813 June 1989 †7 years, 358 daysN/AN/AMohammad-Ali Rajai (1981)
Ali Khamenei (1981–1988)
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1988–1989)
3
Ali Khamenei
Khamenei, AliSupreme Leader
Ali Khamenei
(born 1939)		4 June 1989Incumbent33 years, 340 daysN/A[lower-alpha 4]Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
(24 November 1979–24 February 1980)[8]		Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989–1997)
Mohammad Khatami (1997–2005)
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005–2013)
Hassan Rouhani (2013–2021)
Ebrahim Raisi (2021–)

References
  1. Appointed by the Parliament of Iran.[2]
  2. Mosaddegh was granted emergency powers by Shah of Iran to rule by decree.[4] While holding office as the Prime Minister and Minister of War (renamed to "Ministry of National Defence") simultaneously, Mossadegh went over the authority of Shah, the Commander-in-Chief vetted in the Persian Constitution of 1906, and appointed commanders in Imperial Iranian Army and Police.[5]
  3. Delegated by the Supreme Leader of Iran.[6]
  4. He was caretaker of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the highest position in the corps.[8] At the time military ranks were not used.
  1. Sheikh-ol-Islami, M. J. (July 28, 2011) [December 15, 1984]. "AḤMAD SHAH QĀJĀR". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. 6. Vol. I. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 657–660. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  2. Elton L. Daniel (2012). The History of Iran. ABC-CLIO. p. 136. ISBN 978-0313375095.
  3. Ali Akbar Dareini (1998). The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 15–16. ISBN 8120816420.
  4. James Buchan (2013). Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and Its Consequences. Simon and Schuster. p. 64. ISBN 978-1416597773.
  5. John Prados (2006). Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Ivan R. Dee. pp. 102–103. ISBN 1615780114.
  6. Sinkaya, Bayram (2015), The Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations, Iranian Studies, vol. 25, Routledge, p. 96, ISBN 9781317525646
  7. Sinkaya, Bayram (2015), The Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations, Iranian Studies, vol. 25, Routledge, p. 88, ISBN 9781317525646
  8. Detailed biography of Ayatollah Khamenei, Leader of Islamic Revolution, Khamenei.ir, 23 September 2013, retrieved 17 March 2016
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