1989 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao creation plebiscite

The 1989 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao creation plebiscite was a creation plebiscite held on November 17, 1989, in parts of Mindanao and Palawan in the Philippines.

1989 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao creation plebiscite
November 17, 1989
OutcomeCreation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Results by locality
  Yes —   No

Background

Upon the installation of President Corazon Aquino following the 1986 People Power Revolution which deposed Ferdinand Marcos, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) held negotiations in with the Aquino administration in Jeddah. The MNLF pushed for the government for the outright establishment of an autonomous region in Mindanao as per the 1976 Tripoli Agreement through an executive order; a demand which the government did not accept.[1]

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines adopted during Aquino's presidency allows for the creation of an autonomous region in "Muslim Mindanao".[2] Republic Act No. 6734 or the Organic Act which proposed for the creation of such region called the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was signed into law on August 1, 1989, by President Corazon Aquino[3][4] but had to be ratified through a plebiscite which was held on November 17, 1989.[2]

Both the MNLF, and its splinter group the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, boycotted the vote.[3]

Only four provinces namely Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi opted to be included in the newly formed ARMM.[1] The Muslim-majority province of Basilan and the city of Marawi in Lanao del Sur notably voted against its inclusion to the ARMM.[5] Elections for the first set of regional officials were held in February 1990.[1]

The new autonomous region was inaugurated on November 6, 1990.[3] The region would be expanded following a second plebiscite in 2001.

References
  1. Rivera, Temario C. (1996). State of the Nation: Philippines. Institute of Southeast Asian. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-981-3055-34-6.
  2. "Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Department of Budget and Management. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  3. Inquirer, Philippine Daily (January 26, 2014). "What Went Before: Peace talks with the MILF". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  4. "Republic Act No. 6734". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  5. McKenna, Thomas. "The Origins of the Muslim Separatist Movement in the Philippines". Asia Society. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
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