One Health Trust

One Health Trust, formerly the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), is a public health research organization with headquarters in Washington, D.C., and Bangalore, India. Its mission is "to conduct global research and works with stakeholders to inform health policies and publish papers."[1]

One Health Trust
Formation2009 (2009)
Headquarters1616 P Street NW
Location
  • Washington, D.C.
Director
Ramanan Laxminarayan
Websiteonehealthtrust.org

In 2022, CDDEP announced its imminent transition to becoming the One Health Trust in order to expand the scope of the organization’s work to include topics such as climate change and planetary health.[2]

Overview

One Health Trust's team of economists, epidemiologists, disease modelers, policy and risk analysts carry out research on malaria, tuberculosis, COVID-19, antimicrobial resistance, disease control priorities, environmental health, and various other topics through a One Health lens. Research is divided across eight areas: 1) antimicrobial resistance; 2) communicable disease dynamics; 3) gender, equity, and livelihoods; 4) food, climate & health; 5) noncommunicable diseases; 6) health and development; 7) vaccines and immunization; 8) OxygenForIndia.[3]

Two key One Health Trust initiatives focus on antimicrobial resistance as a public health crisis. The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) consortium, which includes OHT, conducts data surveillance and analysis in Africa to determine the extent of AMR on the continent.[4] The African Society for Laboratory Medicine released a summary of the project’s findings in September 2022.[5] In addition, The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership is developing actionable policy proposals on antibiotic resistance for five low- and middle-income countries: China, India, Kenya, South Africa, and Vietnam.[6]

Current projects

Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership

The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP) was started in 2009 to create a platform for developing actionable policy proposals on antibiotic resistance in low-income and middle-income countries.

During the first three years, Phase 1 of GARP established national working groups in four countries: India, Kenya, South Africa and Vietnam. Those working groups—multidisciplinary, with representatives from all sectors, dealing with both human and animal antibiotic use—have become national resources for their expertise and linkages to the current global activities in antibiotic resistance. GARP Phase 1 culminated in the 1st Global Forum on Bacterial Infections: Balancing Treatment Access and Antibiotic Resistance on October 3–5, 2011, in New Delhi, India. Since GARP Phase 2 began in 2012, national working groups have been established in Mozambique, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda.

Oxygen For India

The Oxygen For India initiative was founded by the One Health Trust in April 2021 to alleviate the national shortage of medical oxygen in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the project is to ensure that "no one in India dies for lack of medical oxygen."[7] OxygenForIndia successfully delivered 20,000 reusable oxygen cylinders and 3,000 oxygen concentrators in 57 urban and rural centers in India, and is currently working with national partners such as the Swasth Alliance to establish long-term stakeholder investment.[8]

Notable Work

Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Africa The stated objective of the Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) consortium,[9] funded by the Fleming Fund is to assess the burden of AMR in Africa by collecting and analyzing data in several African countries.[10] The MAAP consortium comprises the African Society for Laboratory Medicine,[11] OHT, IQVIA, Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, West African Health Organization, the East Central & Southern Africa Health Community (ECSA-HC), and Innovative Support to Emergencies, Diseases, and Disasters (InSTEDD).

The MAAP project collected retrospective data on AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) from public and private laboratories and pharmacies in 14 different African nations. The African Society for Laboratory Medicine released a summary of the project’s findings in September 2022.[12]

ResistanceMap ResistanceMap was created in 2010 with the stated objective to share antibiotic use and susceptibility data from the United States. Currently, it is a web-based platform for collecting and disseminating data on antibiotic use and resistance worldwide. ResistanceMap was the first initiative to provide access to resistance data from several LMICs, including India, South Africa, and Vietnam.[13] These data demonstrated high and increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in LMICs. Currently, ResistanceMap displays resistance data from 46 countries.[14]

Drug Resistance Index (DRI) One component of ResistanceMap is the Drug Resistance Index (DRI), which is a composite measure that combines the ability of antibiotics to treat infections with the extent of their use in clinical practice. The DRI provides an aggregate trend measure of the efficacy of available drugs,, and was compared by Science Magazine to a Dow Jones for drug resistance.[15]

After introducing the DRI in a paper in BMJ Open in 2011, One Health Trust (at the time, CDDEP) began to provide technical support to hospitals in India, Nepal, and Kenya to track DRIs in their local settings and measure the potential impact of their antimicrobial stewardship interventions and infection control practices.[16] The documented goal of the initiative is to calculate DRIs for all nations. The project's early findings were presented at the 17th International Conference on Infectious Diseases and reported in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases.[17]

Key Researchers

Ramanan Laxminarayan is director and senior fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy. He is also a visiting scholar and lecturer at Princeton University. His research deals with the integration of epidemiological models of infectious diseases and drug resistance into the economic analysis of public health problems. He has worked to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. Laxminarayan has worked with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He has served on a number of advisory committees at WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the [Institute of Medicine]. In 2003-04, he served on the National Academy of Science/Institute of Medicine Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs and subsequently helped create the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria (AMFm), a novel financing mechanism for antimalarials. Laxminarayan received his undergraduate degree in engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science in Pilani, India, and his master's degree in public health (Epidemiology) and doctorate in economics from the University of Washington in Seattle.[18]

Arindam Nandi is an economist who focuses on health and development economics and in particular the long-term effects of health, nutrition, and physical activity in early childhood on cognitive, educational, and labor market outcomes in developing country settings. He has also evaluated the sex-selective abortion frequency in both the US and India and the sex-ration effects and potentially unintended effects of this procedure at the population level. In addition to being a fellow at CDDEP, Dr. Nandi is also a visiting scholar the Public Health Foundation of India, and he has worked with the World Bank and with the newly founded University of California Global Health Institute. He graduated with a PhD in Economics from the University of California, Riverside in 2010.[19]

Eili Y. Klein is a fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy and an assistant professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. He has a PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology from Princeton University. Dr. Klein has authored papers on the burden and seasonality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)[20] as well as other pathogens such as carbapenem-resistant enterococci. Dr. Klein has also written about the problem of antimalarial drug resistance and the changing genomics of influenza. Dr. Klein has PhD from Princeton University in ecology and evolutionary biology.

See also

References
  1. "About Us". One Health Trust. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  2. "CDDEP is becoming the One Health Trust". One Trust Health. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  3. "Research Areas". One Health Trust. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  4. "Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership". One Health Trust. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  5. "Policy Brief and Infographics on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Africa". African Society for Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  6. Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership Archived 2011-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 10/20/2010
  7. "OxygenForIndia". One Health Trust. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  8. "OxygenForIndia announces partnership with Swasth Alliance and Indiaspora to form National Oxygen Grid". Financial Express. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  9. "Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership". One Health Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  10. "Announcing the Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project". Fleming Fund. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  11. "Home". African Society for Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  12. "Policy Brief and Infographics on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Africa". African Society for Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  13. "ResistanceMap Overview: The Latest Data on Global Antibiotic Resistance" (PDF). The Wire.
  14. "About ResistanceMap". ResistanceMap. One Health Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  15. Enserink, Martin (5 November 2010). "A Dow Jones for Drug Resistance". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  16. Laxminarayan, R.; Klugman, K. P. (14 November 2011). "Communicating trends in resistance using a drug resistance index". BMJ Open. 1 (2): e000135–e000135. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000135. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  17. Klein, Eili Y; Tseng, Katie K; Pant, Suraj; Laxminarayan, Ramanan (April 2019). "Tracking global trends in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy using the Drug Resistance Index". BMJ Global Health. 4 (2): e001315. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001315. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  18. "One Health Trust homepage". One Health Trust. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  19. "Arindam Nandi". Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP).
  20. Klein, Eili & David L. Smith Ramanan Laxminarayan (2007). "Hospitalizations and Deaths Caused by Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, United States, 1999-2004". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13 (12): 1840–1846. doi:10.3201/eid1312.070629. PMC 2876761. PMID 18258033.
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