Philadelphus delavayi

• The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs, Ed. John Hillier, David & Charles 2007, ISBN 978-0-7153-2664-0
• The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopaedia of Garden Plants, Ed. Christopher Bickell, Dorling Kindersley 1996, ISBN 0-7513-0303-8

Donald Trump Official White House presidential portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie. Official portrait, 2017 45th President of the United States In office January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 Vice President Mike Pence Preceded by Barack Obama Succeeded by Joe Biden Personal details Born Donald John Trump June 14, 1946 (age 76) Queens, New York City, U.S. Political party Republican (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present) Other political affiliations Reform (1999–2001) Democratic (2001–2009) Independent (2011–2012) Spouses Ivana Zelníčková ​ ​(m. 1977; div. 1990)​ Marla Maples ​ ​(m. 1993; div. 1999)​ Melania Knauss ​(m. 2005)​ Children Donald Jr. Ivanka Eric Tiffany Barron Parents Fred Trump Mary Anne MacLeod Relatives Family of Donald Trump Residence Mar-a-Lago Alma mater Wharton School (BS Econ.) Occupation Politicianbusinessmanmedia personality Awards List of awards and honors Signature Donald J. Trump stylized autograph, in ink Website Official website Presidential library White House archives Donald Trump's voice 3:50 President Trump on the formation of the United States Space Command Recorded August 29, 2019 Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg This article is part of a series about Donald Trump Business and personal 45th President of the United States Tenure Policies Appointments Presidential campaigns Impeachments Interactions involving Russia COVID-19 pandemic Seal of the President of the United States vte Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

Trump graduated from the Wharton School with a bachelor's degree in 1968. He became president of his father's real estate business in 1971 and renamed it the Trump Organization. He expanded its operations to building and renovating skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses and later started side ventures, mostly by licensing his name. From 2004 to 2015, he co-produced and hosted the reality television series The Apprentice. Trump and his businesses have been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, including six bankruptcies.

Trump's political positions have been described as populist, protectionist, isolationist, and nationalist. He won the 2016 presidential election as the Republican nominee against Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton despite losing the popular vote.[a] He was the first U.S. president with no prior military or government service. His election and policies sparked numerous protests. The 2017–2019 special counsel investigation established that Russia interfered in the 2016 election to favor the election of Trump. Trump promoted conspiracy theories and made many false and misleading statements during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racially charged or racist, and many as misogynistic.

Trump ordered a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, diverted military funding towards building a wall on the U.S.–Mexico border, and implemented a policy of family separations for apprehended migrants. He rolled back more than 100 environmental policies and regulations in an aggressive attempt to weaken environmental protections. Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which cut taxes for individuals and businesses and rescinded the individual health insurance mandate penalty of the Affordable Care Act. He appointed 54 federal appellate judges and three U.S. Supreme Court justices. Trump initiated a trade war with China and withdrew the U.S. from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. Trump met with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un three times, but made no progress on denuclearization. He reacted slowly to the COVID-19 pandemic, ignored or contradicted many recommendations from health officials in his messaging, and promoted misinformation about unproven treatments and the need for testing.

Trump lost the 2020 United States presidential election to Joe Biden, but refused to concede defeat, falsely claiming widespread electoral fraud and attempting to overturn the results by pressuring government officials, mounting scores of unsuccessful legal challenges, and obstructing the presidential transition. On January 6, 2021, Trump urged his supporters to march to the U.S. Capitol, which many of them then attacked, resulting in multiple deaths and interrupting the electoral vote count.

Trump is the only American president to have been impeached twice. After he tried to pressure Ukraine in 2019 to investigate Biden, he was impeached in December by the House of Representatives for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress and acquitted by the Senate in February 2020. The House impeached Trump a second time in January 2021, for incitement of insurrection, and the Senate acquitted him in February. In December 2022, the House January 6 Committee recommended criminal charges against Trump for obstructing an official proceeding, conspiracy to defraud the U.S., and inciting or assisting an insurrection. Scholars and historians rank Trump as one of the worst presidents in American history.[1][2]

Since leaving office, Trump has remained heavily involved in the Republican Party. In November 2022, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2024 presidential election. In March 2023, a Manhattan grand jury indicted Trump on 34 felony counts of fraud, making him the first former U.S. president to face criminal charges; he pleaded not guilty to all counts.