List of battles by casualties

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles or offensives in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related or civilian deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are usually impossible to calculate precisely, but few in this list may include somewhat precise numbers. Many of these figures, though, are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed due to a lack of total data on the event. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing campaigns/runs (such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Tokyo) or massacres such as the Rape of Nanjing, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles, small campaigns or offensives.

For wars and events more extensive in scope, such as major offensives or campaigns, see List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll. For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. It is sorted by year.

Siege Year Conflict Casualties
(High est.) (Low est.)
Siege of Athens and Piraeus 87–86 BC Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War) 400,000
(including prisoners)		 200,000[1]
Siege of Alesia 52 BC Gallic Wars 200,000 100,000
Siege of Constantinople 717–718 Arab–Byzantine wars 170,000 130,000[2]
Siege of Yongzhou 1076 Lý-Song War 140,000[3] 78,000[4]
Siege of Jerusalem 1099 First Crusade 90,000 70,000
Siege of Tripoli 1099-1102 First Crusade 90,000 105,000
Siege of Gurganj 1221 Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire 1,200,000 90,000
Siege of Baghdad 1258 Mongol invasions and conquests 2,000,000[5] 100,000[5]
Siege of Contantinople (1453) 1453 Byzantine–Ottoman wars 34,000+ 54,000+
Siege of Tenochtitlan 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 240,000 100,000[6][7]
Siege of Rhodes 1522 Ottoman wars in Europe 55,200[8] 55,200
Siege of Szigetvár 1566 Ottoman wars in Europe 33,000 23,000
Siege of Chittorgarh 1567–1568 Mughal-Rajput Wars (1558–1576) 40,000 35,000
Siege of Ostend 1601–1604 Eighty Years' War 115,000 90,000
Siege of Candia 1648–1669 Cretan War 149,739 149,739
First Siege of Anandpur 1700 Hill States-Sikh Wars 150,000+ 150,000+
Siege of Toulon 1795 War of the First Coalition 21,400 7,400
Siege of Mantua 1796–1797 War of the First Coalition 51,000 51,000
Second Siege of Zaragoza 1808–1809 Peninsular War 64,000[9] 64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol 1854–1855 Crimean War 230,000[10] 230,000
Third Battle of Nanking 1864 Taiping Rebellion 100,000[11] 100,000
Siege of Petersburg 1864–1865 American Civil War 70,000[12] 70,000
Battle of Gettysburg 1863 American Civil War 50,000 50,000
Siege of Paris 1871 Franco-Prussian War 332,142 229,000
Siege of Plevna 1877 Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 75,000[13] 75,000
Siege of Port Arthur 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War 100,000[14] 100,000
Siege of Adrianople 1912–1913 First Balkan War 93,282[15] 93,282
Siege of Liege 1914 World War I 25,300 6,000
Siege of Przemyśl 1914 World War I 253,000 253,000
Battle of Taiyuan 1937 World War II 130,000[16] 130,000
Battle of Xinkou 1937 World War II 200,000 200,000
Battle of Shanghai 1937 World War II 400,000[17] 400,000
First Battle of Changsha 1939 World War II 80,000+ 80,000+[18]
Battle of Nanchang 1939 World War II 75,328[19] 75,328
Battle of Dunkirk 1940 World War II 88,000[20] 88,000
Battle of South Shanxi 1941 World War II 120,000+ 120,000+[21]
Siege of Odessa 1941 World War II 133,813[22] 133,813
Battle of Kiev 1941 World War II 761,783[22] 761,783
Second Siege of Sevastopol 1941–1942 World War II 236,437 236,437
Third Battle of Changsha 1942 World War II 84,862[23] 84,862
Battle of Stalingrad 1942–1943 World War II 2,500,000[24][25] 1,250,000[26]
Battle of Changde 1943 World War II 100,000 100,000[27]
Battle of West Hubei 1943 World War II 115,830 115,830[28]
Siege of Leningrad 1941–1944 World War II 5,500,000[29] 1,117,000[30][31]
Warsaw Uprising 1944 World War II 200,000+ 200,000+[32]
Siege of Budapest 1944–1945 World War II 422,000 422,000[33]
Battle of Berlin 1945 World War II 1,286,367
(including civilians)		 203,000
(including civilians)[34]
Battle of Okinawa 1945 World War II 130,000 130,000
Battle of Manila 1945 World War II 500,000[35][36] 100,000[37][38]
Battle of the Bulge 1944–1945 World War II 218,900 161,370[39]
Siege of Changchun 1948[40] Chinese Civil War 425,000 425,000[41]
Siege of Basra 1987 Iran–Iraq War 85,000 85,000
Battle of Bakhmut 2022-2023 Russian Invasion of Ukraine 160,000+ 45,000

Major operations

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The durations of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed; so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation Year Conflict Casualties
Flanders and Rhine campaign #1713 War of the Spanish Succession 0,190,442 190,442
Ulm Campaign #1805 War of the Third Coalition 0,062,000 62,000
French invasion of Russia #1812 Napoleonic Wars 0,920,000 920,000–1,040,000
German Campaign #1813 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,745,000 745,000
Six Days' Campaign #1814 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,080,000 80,000[42]
Hundred Days #1815 War of the Seventh Coalition 0,241,525 241,525
Peninsula Campaign #1862 American Civil War 0,036,463 36,463[43]
Battle of Chancellorsville #1863 American Civil War 0,030,000 30,000[44]–30,500[45]
Overland Campaign #1864 American Civil War 0,087,000 87,000[46]–92,000[9]
Appomattox Campaign #1865 American Civil War 0,016,500 16,500[12]
Battle of Liaoyang #1904 Russo-Japanese War 0,016,500 33,100
Battle of Shaho #1904 Russo-Japanese War 0,016,500 62,500
Battle of Mukden #1905 Russo-Japanese War 0,160,000 160,000[47]
Battle of Sandepu #1905 Russo-Japanese War 0,160,000 22,400
Battle of Lule Burgas #1912 First Balkan War 0,042,162 42,162+[48]
First Battle of Çatalca #1912 First Balkan War 0,022,000 22,000[49]
Battle of Bregalnica #1913 Second Balkan War 0,036,620 36,620[15]
Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas #1913 Second Balkan War 0,036,620 15,700
Serbian Campaign (1914) #1914 World War I 0,437,361 437,361, including prisoners
Battle of the Frontiers #1914 World War I 0,664,191 664,191
Battle of Tannenberg #1914 World War I 0,145,000 145,000[50]–160,000[51]
Battle of Galicia #1914 World War I 0,700,000 645,000–700,000
Battle of Cer #1914 World War I 0,058,50058,500-65,500
First Battle of the Marne #1914 World War I 0,513,000 513,000[52]
First Battle of the Aisne #1914 World War I 0,263,541 263,541+
Battle of the Yser #1914 World War I 0,263,541 18,500+
First Battle of Ypres #1914 World War I 0,210,000 210,000[53]
Battle of Łódź #1914 World War I 0,130,000 130,000[54]
Battle of the Drina #1914 World War I 0,130,000 70,000
Battle of the Vistula River #1914 World War I 0,130,000 214,480
Battle of Limanowa #1914 World War I 0,139,532 251,120
First Battle of Champagne #1914–1915 World War I 0,139,532 139,532
Battle of Sarikamish #1914–1915 World War I 0,060,000 60,000—85,000[55]
Carpathian Front #1915 World War I 0,930,751 930,751
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes #1915 World War I 0,216,200 216,200
Second Battle of Ypres #1915 World War I 0,104,208 104,208[56]–107,000[57]
Gallipoli Campaign #1915 World War I 0,503,000 503,000[56]–552,000[58]
Second Battle of Artois #1915 World War I 0,186,000 186,000[56]
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois #1915 World War I 0,075,000 75,000[57]–440,000[56]
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive #1915 World War I 0,300,000 300,000–1,087,000[56]
Great Retreat (Russian) #1915 World War I 1,943,800 1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign (1915) #1915 World War I 0,331,000 331,000, including prisoners[59]
Erzurum Offensive #1916 World War I 0,080,000 80,000—85,000[55]
Battle of Verdun #1916 World War I 0,755,000 755,000[60]–976,000[56]
Battle of Asiago #1916 World War I 0,250,000 250,000[56]
Brusilov Offensive #1916 World War I 1,600,000 1,600,000[56]
Battle of the Somme #1916 World War I 1,120,000 1,120,000[61]–1,215,000[56]
Monastir Offensive #1916 World War I 0,111,000 111,000[62]
Romanian Campaign #1916–1917 World War I 0,240,000 240,000[56]–933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive #1917 World War I 0,354,000 354,000[63]
Second Battle of the Aisne #1917 World War I 0,350,000 350,000–463,000
Battle of Arras #1917 World War I 0,288,000 278,000–288,000
Battle of Messines #1917 World War I 0,042,000 42,000[64][65]
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo #1917 World War I 0,200,000 200,000[66]
Third Battle of Ypres #1917 World War I 0,585,000 585,000+[67]
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo #1917 World War I 0,273,000 273,000
Battle of Caporetto #1917 World War I 0,060,000 60,000[68]
Battle of Cambrai #1917 World War I 0,095,000 95,000[68]
German spring offensive #1918 World War I 1,539,000 1,539,000[69]
Operation Michael #1918 World War I 0,494,616 494,616
Battle of the Lys #1918 World War I 0,228,340 204,300–228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne #1918 World War I 0,257,000 257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River #1918 World War I 0,205,223 131,494 killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne #1918 World War I 0,288,000 288,000[69]
Battle of Soissons (1918) #1918 World War I 0,287,259 287,259
Hundred Days Offensive #1918 World War I 2,240,000 2,240,000[69]
Meuse–Argonne offensive #1918 World War I 0,318,000 318,000
Battle of Warsaw #1920 Polish–Soviet War 0,130,000 About 130,000, not including prisoners[70]
Invasion of Manchuria #1931 Second Sino-Japanese War 0,035,000 35,000
Battle of Guadalajara #1937 Spanish Civil War 0,012,000 12,000[71]
Battle of Teruel #1937–1938 Spanish Civil War 0,110,000 110,000, including prisoners[72]
Battle of the Ebro #1938 Spanish Civil War 0,106,500 106,500[72]
Battle of Xuzhou #1938 World War II 0,130,000 130,000[73]
1938 Yellow River Flood #1938 World War II 0,800,000 800,000[74]
Battle of Wuhan 1938 World War II 0,540,000 540,000[75]
Battles of Khalkhin Gol #1939 Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 0,042,000 42,000–75,000[76][77]
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang #1939 World War II 0,049,000 49,000
Invasion of Poland #1939 World War II 0,310,000 310,000[78]–914,000[79]
Battle of the Bzura 1939 World War II 0,232,000 232,000[80]–234,000[80]
Winter Offensive #1939–1940 World War II 0,100,000 100,000+[81]
Operation Weserübung #1940 World War II 0,012,800 12,800[78]
Battle of France #1940 World War II 0,469,000 469,000[82]
Battle of Britain 1940 World War II 0,040,000 40,000[83]
Hundred Regiments Offensive #1940 Second Sino-Japanese War 0,062,900 62,900[84]
Battle of Keren #1941 World War II 0,012,600 12,600+ killed
Battle of Greece #1941 World War II 0,046,295 46,295[85]
Battle of Shanggao #1941 World War II 0,042,000 42,000
Battle of Crete #1941 World War II 0,016,007 16,007[86]
Operation Barbarossa #1941 World War II 4,400,000[87]–5,318,000[88]
Battle of Białystok–Minsk #1941 World War II 0,429,886 429,886 including prisoners[89]
Battle of Smolensk (1941) #1941 World War II 0,595,606 595,606 killed, captured, and missing
300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Uman #1941 World War II 0,223,853 223,853
Battle of Kiev (1941) #1941 World War II 0,761,783 761,783 killed, captured, and missing
Battle of Bryansk (1941) #1941 World War II 0,700,000 700,000 Soviet killed, captured and missing
German casualties unknown.
Battle of Moscow #1941 World War II 1,000,000 1,000,000[87]
Battle of Hong Kong #1941 World War II 0,018,000 18,000 including prisoners[90]
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore #1941–1942 World War II 0,143,800 143,800, and 60,000 prisoners[91]
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor #1942 World War II 0,030,000 30,000 killed[92]
Battle of Lyuban #1942 World War II 0,365,135 365,135
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula #1942 World War II 0,176,000 176,000+[93]
Demyansk Pocket #1942 World War II 0,300,000 300,000
Second Battle of Kharkov #1942 World War II 0,300,000 300,000[93]
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign #1942 World War II 0,356,000 356,000[94]
Battle of Gazala #1942 World War II 0,148,000 148,000[95]
First Battle of El Alamein #1942 World War II 0,148,000 30,000
Case Blue #1942 World War II 1,400,000 1,400,000
Battle of Voronezh (1942) #1942 World War II 0,662,847 662,847 including prisoners
Battle of the Caucasus #1942–1942 World War II 0,625,000 625,000
Guadalcanal Campaign #1942–1943 World War II 0,029,100 29,100[96]–31,100[97]
Battles of Rzhev #1942–1943 World War II 3,080,000 2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein #1942 World War II 0,039,400 39,400[95]–82,500[98]
Operation Iskra #1943 World War II 0,129,332 129,332[99]
Battle of Kursk #1943 World War II 1,028,314 1,028,314[100][101]–1,403,000[102][101]
Operation Kutuzov #1943 World War II 0,516,344 516,344
Allied invasion of Sicily #1943 World War II 0,036,000 36,000+ killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs[103]
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation #1943 World War II 0,280,634 202,654–280,634
Battle of Smolensk (1943) #1943 World War II 0,522,059 522,059
Dnieper Campaign #1943 World War II 1,582,000 1,582,000 (lowest est.) – 2,480,000 (highest est.)
Allied invasion of Italy #1943 World War II 0,017,092 17,092[104]
Bougainville Campaign #1943–1945 World War II 0,021,929 21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners[105]
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive #1943–1944 World War II 1,442,956 1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive #1944 World War II 0,385,604 385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino #1944 World War II 0,185,000 185,000[106]
Battle of Narva #1944 World War II 0,550,000 550,000 all causes[107]
Operation Shingle #1944 World War II 0,052,200 52,200 killed[108]
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive #1944 World War II 0,195,000 195,000[109]
Ichi-Go #1944 World War II 1,300,000 1,300,000+[110]
Battle of Normandy #1944 World War II 0,795,400 650,600[111][112]–795,400[113][112]
Battle of Saipan #1944 World War II 0,043,500 43,500 killed, including mass suicides[114]
Operation Bagration #1944 World War II 1,430,000 1,430,000[115]
Falaise Pocket #1944 World War II 0,140,000 140,000[116]
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive #1944 World War II 0,485,424 485,424, including prisoners[117]
Operation Market Garden #1944 World War II 0,027,200 27,200[118]
Baltic offensive #1944 World War II 0,280,120 280,120 Soviet casualties; German casualties unknown
Battle of Hürtgen Forest #1944–1945 World War II 0,063,000 63,000[119]
Courland Pocket #1944–1945 World War II 0,278,819 278,819
Battle of Leyte Gulf #1944 World War II 0,012,000 12,000 killed[120]
Battle of the Bulge #1944–1945 World War II 0,218,900 161,370[39][121]–218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive #1945 World War II 0,636,191 636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon #1945 World War II 0,340,330 332,330–345,330, including sick[122]
Battle of the Rhineland #1945 World War II 0,082,000 82,000 and 250,000 prisoners[123]
Battle of Iwo Jima #1945 World War II 0,044,821 44,821[124]–48,700[125]
East Prussian Offensive #1945 World War II 0,806,778 806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa #1945 World War II 0,113,920 113,920[126]–158,400[127]
Burma campaigns #1942–1945 World War II 0,700,000 700,000[128]
Battle of West Hunan #1945 World War II 0,050,000 50,000
Second Guangxi campaign #1945 World War II 1,000,000 1,000,000
Liaoshen campaign #1948 Chinese Civil War 0,542,000 542,000, including captured[129]
Huaihai campaign #1948 Chinese Civil War 0,689,000 689,000, including captured[130]
Pingjin campaign #1948–1949 Chinese Civil War 0,560,000 560,000, including captured[131]
Shanghai Campaign #1949 Chinese Civil War 0,213,073 213,073[132]
Battle of Inchon #1950 Korean War 0,017,429 17,429[133]
Invasion of North Korea #1950 Korean War 0,051,700 51,700[134]
Battle of Chosin Reservoir #1950 Korean War 0,066,000 66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu #1954 First Indochina War 0,031,500 31,500, not including prisoners[135]
Tet Offensive #1968 Vietnam War 0,065,000 65,000[136]
Operation OAU #1968 Nigerian Civil War 0,030,000 30,000[136]
Easter Offensive #1972 Vietnam War 0,150,000 150,000[136]
Operation Dawn 5 #1984 Iran–Iraq War 0,075,000 75,000
Battle of the Marshes #1984 Iran–Iraq War 0,055,000 55,000
Battle of Aleppo #2012–2016 Syrian civil war 0,031,275 31,275[137][138]
Battle of Mosul 2016–2017 War in Iraq 0,048,200 18,200[139][140][141]–48,200[137][141]

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. This type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

Battle Year Conflict Casualties
Battle of Thymbra !9452 547 BC Lydian–Persian War 0,100,001 100,000[142]
Battle of Marathon !-500000 490 BC Greco-Persian Wars 0,005,001 5,000–8,000[143]
Battle of Thermopylae !9519 480 BC Greco-Persian Wars 0,022,300 22,500[144]
Battle of Plataea !9520 479 BC Greco-Persian War 0,051,500 51,500[144]–257,000[145]
Battle of the Granicus !9665 334 BC Wars of Alexander the Great 0,007,000 Around 7,000[146]
Battle of Issus !9666 333 BC Wars of Alexander the Great 0,020,001 20,000-40,000[147]
Battle of Gaugamela !9668 331 BC Wars of Alexander the Great 0,053,500 53,500[148]
Battle of the Hydaspes !9673 326 BC Wars of Alexander the Great 0,023,310 23,310[148]
Battle of Sentinum !9704 295 BC Third Samnite War 0,033,701 33,700[149]
Battle of Heraclea !9719 280 BC Pyrrhic War 0,011,001 11,000–26,000[149]
Battle of Asculum !9719 279 BC Pyrrhic War 0,011,001 9,500+
Battle of Beneventum !9719 275 BC Pyrrhic War 0,011,001 20,000
Battle of Kalinga !9737 262 BC Kalinga-Maurya Empire 0,250,001 250,000+ (including civilians) [150]
Battle of Changping !9739 260 BC Warring States period 0,700,000 700,000 (ancient source & includes prisoners)[151]
Battle of the Trebia !9781 218 BC Second Punic War 0,035,000 35,000[152]
Battle of Lake Trasimene !9782 217 BC Second Punic War 0,030,001 30,000[152]
Battle of Cannae !9783 216 BC Second Punic War 0,056,001 50,000+[153]
Battle of the Metaurus !9792 207 BC Second Punic War 0,012,000 12,000[154]
Battle of Julu !9661 207 BC Chu Han Contention 0,400,000 400,000+ (including prisoners)
Battle of Utica !9792 203 BC Second Punic War 0,012,000 +45,000
Battle of Zama !9797 202 BC Second Punic War 0,021,500 21,500[154]
Battle of Cynoscephalae !9809 197 BC Second Macedonian War 0,053,350 23,700
Battle of Magnesia !9809 190 BC Roman–Seleucid War 0,053,350 53,350[155]
Battle of Pydna !9831 168 BC Third Macedonian War 0,021,000 21,000[155]
Battle of Arausio !9894 105 BC Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War) 0,084,000 85,000[156][157][158]
Battle of Aquae Sextiae !9894 102 BC Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War) 0,084,000 90,000[159]
Battle of Chaeronea !9894 86 BC Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War) 0,084,000 50,000[160]
Battle of the Colline Gate !9894 82 BC Sulla's civil war 0,084,000 50,000[161]
Battle of the Silarius River !9894 71 BC Third Servile War| 0,084,000 11,000
Battle of Tigranocerta !9894 69 BC Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War) 0,084,000 10,000+[162]
Battle of Bibracte !9946 58 BC Gallic Wars 0,024,000 12,000+[163]
Battle of Axona !9946 57 BC Gallic Wars 0,024,000 11,000+
Battle of Carrhae !9946 53 BC Roman–Persian Wars 0,024,000 24,000[164]
Battle of Pharsalus !9951 48 BC Caesar's Civil War 0,017,000 17,000[165]
Battle of Philippi !9957 42 BC Liberators' civil war 0,024,000 24,000[166]
Battle of Actium !9968 31 BC Final War of the Roman Republic 0,007,500 7,500+[167]
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest !9 #000AD 9 Roman–Germanic wars 0,020,000 20,000[168]
Battle of Idistaviso !9 #000AD 16 Roman–Germanic wars 0,020,000 20,000+[169]
Battle of Watling Street !61 #00AD 61 Iceni Revolt 0,080,400 80,400[170]
Battle of Mons Graupius !84 #00AD 84 Roman conquest of Britain 0,010,360 10,360[171]
Battle of Guandu #0200 Three Kingdoms 0,078,001 78,000[172]
Battle of Red Cliffs #0208 Three Kingdoms 0,100,001 100,000[172]
Battle of Barbalissos #0252 Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 0,060,000 60,000+[173]
Battle of Edessa #0260 Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 0,050,000 65,000+[174]
Battle of Adrianople #0378 Gothic War 0,040,000 40,000+[175]
Battle of Fei River #0383 Wu Hu Era 0,150,001 150,000+[176]
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains #0451 Hunnic Invasion 0,150,001 165,000 (ancient source)[177]
Battle of Dara #0530 Iberian War 0,150,001 8,000+[178]
Battle of Salsu #0612 Goguryeo–Sui War 0,302,300 302,300(ancient source)[179]
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah #0636 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,031,000 31,000[180]
Battle of Muzayyah #0633 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,010,000 10,000
Battle of Ullais #0633 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,035,000 35,000[181]
Battle of River #0633 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,015,001 15,000+[182]
Battle of Walaja #0636 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,022,000 22,000[183]
Battle of Nahavand #0642 Muslim conquest of Persia 0,028,500 28,500[184]
Battle of Yarmouk #0636 Muslim conquest of the Levant 0,070,001 70,000[2]
Battle of Marj Ardabil #0730 Second Arab-Khazar War 0,070,001 25,000+
Battle of Tours #0732 Umayyad invasion of Gaul 0,013,001 13,000[185]
Battle of Talas #0751 Muslim conquest of Transoxiana 0,013,001 50,000+
Battle of Pliska #0811 Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 0,013,001 29,000
Battle of Ashdown #0871 Viking activity in the British Isles 0,013,001 9,000
Battle of Lechfeld #0955 Hungarian invasions of Europe 0,013,001 15,000
Battle of Arcadiopolis (970) #0970 Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria 0,013,001 27,000
Battle of the Gates of Trajan #0986 Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 0,013,001 27,000
Battle of Kleidion #01014 Byzantine–Bulgarian wars 0,013,001 45,000
Battle of Gwiju #1019 Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War 0,090,000 90,000+
Battle of Hastings #1066 Norman Conquest 0,006,000 Around 6,000 [186]
Battle of Manzikert #01071 Bizantine-Sejulk Wars 0,150,000 25,000
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river #01077 Lý–Song War 0,150,000 150,000[187][188]
Battle of Dorylaeum #1097 First Crusade 0,025,851 7,000+
Battle of Ager Sanguinis #1119 Crusades 0,025,851 12,000
Battle of Azaz (1125) #1125 Crusades 0,025,851 6,000+
Battle of Crug Mawr #1135 Norman invasion of Wales 0,025,851 13,000
Battle of Montgisard #1177 Ayyubid–Crusader War 0,025,851 Around 25,850
Battle of Hattin #1187 Ayyubid–Crusader War 0,017,001 17,000–20,000[189]
Battle of Arsuf #1191 Third Crusade 0,017,001 8,000+
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa #1212 Reconquista 0,060,001 60,000[190]
Battle of Yehuling #1212 Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty 0,050,000 Around 150,000
Battle of Muret #1213 Albigensian Crusade 0,050,000 Around 16,500
Battle of Parwan #1221 Mongol Invasion of Central Asia #65,000+
Battle of the Kalka River #1223 Mongol invasion of Rus' #Around 50,000[191]
Battle of Legnica #1241 Mongol invasion of Poland 0,030,001 30,000[192]
Battle of Mohi #1241 Mongol invasion of Europe 0,015,001 15,000[193]
Battle of Ain Jalut #1260 Mongol invasions of the Levant 0,015,001 21,000
Third battle of Bach Dang river #1288 Mongol invasion of Vietnam 0,085,000 85,000[194]
Battle of Jaran Manjur #1298 Mongol invasions of India 0,020,001 20,000+
Battle of Yamen #1279 Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty 0,100,001 100,000
Battle of Kili #1299 Mongol invasion of India 0,100,001 130,000
Battle of Bannockburn #1314 First War of Scottish Independence 0,019,001 19,000[195]
Battle of Maritsa #1389 Serbian-Ottoman wars 0,100,001 57,000
Battle of Kulikovo #1380 List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus' 0,136,001 136,000
Battle of Roosebeke #1382 Hundred Years' War 0,027,601 27,600
Battle of Kosovo #1389 Serbian-Ottoman wars 0,100,001 60,000
Battle of the Terek River #1395 Tokhtamysh–Timur war 0,100,001 100,000[196]
Battle of Nicopolis #1396 Ottoman wars in Europe 0,100,001 30,000
Conquest of Delhi #1398 Timur's Indian campaign 0,100,001 100,000[197][198]
Battle of Ankara #1402 Ottoman–Timur War 0,015,000 15,000+[199]
Battle of Grunwald #1410 Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War 0,013,001 13,000[200]
Battle of Agincourt #1415 Hundred Years' War 0,014,000 14,000
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động #1426 Lam Sơn uprising 0,030,000 30,000[201]
Tumu Crisis #1449 Ming–Mongol War 0,200,001 200,000+
Battle of Castillon #1453 Hundred Years' War 0,200,001 4,000[202]
Battle of Chojnice (1454) #1454 Thirteen Years' War 0,200,001 9,000
Battle of Towton #1461 Wars of the Roses 0,028,000 28,000[203]
Second Battle of St Albans #1461 Wars of the Roses 0,028,000 2,000[204]
Night Attack at Târgoviște #1462 Wallachian-Ottoman Wars 0,020,000 20,000[205]
Battle of Vaslui #1475 Moldavian-Ottoman Wars 0,040,000 40,000+
Battle of Valea Albă #1476 Moldavian–Ottoman Wars 0,030,000 30,000+
Battle of Kabul #1504 Campaigns of Babur 0,020,001 20,000+[206]
Battle of Ravenna #1512 War of the League of Cambrai 0,013,500 13,500[207]
Battle of Orsha #1514 Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522) 0,011,000 21,000–45,000
Battle of Marignano #1515 War of the League of Cambrai 0,011,000 11,000–15,000[208]
Battle of Ridaniya #1517 Ottoman wars in the Near East 0,013,000 13,000[8]
La Noche Triste #1520 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 0,013,000 +4800
Battle of Pavia #1525 Italian War of 1521–1526 0,020,001 13,000
First Battle of Panipat #1526 Mughal Conquest 0,020,001 20,000–50,000[209]
Battle of Mohács #1526 Ottoman–Hungarian wars 0,030,000 Probably 30,000[210]
Battle of Ghaghra #1529 Mughal Conquest 0,013,001 13,000[211]
Battle of Molodi #1572 Russo-Crimean Wars 0,029,000 29,000–33,000 or 100,000[212]
Battle of Nagashino #1575 Sengoku period 0,018,000 18,000[213]: 80–82 
Battle of Chungju #1592 Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 0,008,000 8,000–16,000[214] 100,000[215][216]
Battle of Călugăreni #1595 Long War (Ottoman War) 0,011,000 11,000–16,000
Battle of Keresztes #1596 Long Turkish War 0,018,000 30,000
Battle of Sacheon (1598) #1598 Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 0,030,000 30,000[217]
Battle of Sekigahara #1600 Sengoku period 0,030,000 30,000+[218]
Battle of Nieuwpoort #1600 Eighty Years' War 0,030,000 +6,700
Battle of Kircholm #1605 Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) 0,030,000 8,400
Battle of Klushino #1610 Polish–Muscovite War 0,030,000 5,400
Battle of White Mountain #1620 Thirty Years' War 0,030,000 3,450
Battle of Shen-Liao #1620 Qing conquest of the Ming 0,030,000 75,000
Battle of Rohilla 1621 Early Mughal-Sikh Wars 14,000
Battle of Wolgast #1628 Thirty Years' War 0,030,000 2,500
First Battle of Breitenfeld #1631 Thirty Years' War 0,027,150 27,150[219]
Battle of Lahira #1631 Early Mughal-Sikh Wars 0,027,150 36,773[220]
Battle of Lützen #1632 Thirty Years' War 0,011,160 11,160[221]
Battle of Amritsar 1634 Early Mughal-Sikh Wars 7,000
Battle of Nördlingen #1634 Thirty Years' War 0,017,000 17,000[222]
Battle of Kartarpur #1635 Early Mughal-Sikh Wars 0,017,000 50,700-97,000[223][224]
Battle of the Downs #1639 Eighty Years' War 0,015,000 15,000+[225]
Battle of Song-Jin #1641 Qing conquest of the Ming 0,060,001 60,000
Second Battle of Breitenfeld #1642 Thirty Years' War 0,014,000 14,000[226]
Battle of Rocroi #1643 Thirty Years' War 0,019,000 19,000[227]
Battle of Jankau #1645 Thirty Years' War 0,015,500 15,500[228]
Battle of Lens #1648 Thirty Years' War 0,015,500 9,500
Battle of Zusmarshausen #1648 Thirty Years' War 0,015,500 5,000
Battle of Berestechko #1651 Khmelnytsky Uprising 0,030,200 30,000–40,000[229]
Battle of Samugarh #1658 Mughal Conquest 0,032,000 32,000[225]
Battle of Khajwa #1659 Mughal Conquest 0,020,000 20,000[225]
Battle of Lund #1676 Scanian War 0,014,000 14,000[230]
Battle of Vienna #1683 Ottoman–Habsburg wars 0,019,500 19,500[231]
Battle of Fleurus #1690 War of the Grand Alliance 0,028,000 10,600−28,000[232][233]
Battle of Landen #1693 War of the Grand Alliance 0,028,000 28,000[234]
Battle of Zenta #1697 Ottoman–Habsburg wars 0,030,300 30,300[235]
Battle of Jinji #1698 Mughal Conquest 0,016,000 16,000[234]
Battle of Narva #1700 Great Northern War 0,019,900 19,900[236][237]
Battle of Blenheim #1704 War of the Spanish Succession 0,032,000 32,000[234]
Battle of Almansa #1707 War of the Spanish Succession 0,032,000 22,000
Battle of Fraustadt #1706 Great Northern War 0,016,500 16,500[238]
Battle of Ramillies #1706 War of the Spanish Succession 0,015,600 15,600[239]
Battle of Lesnaya #1708 Great Northern War 0,011,000 11,000[240][241]
Battle of Poltava #1709 Great Northern War 0,014,300 14,300[242]
Battle of Malplaquet #1709 War of the Spanish Succession 0,095,000 95,000[239]
Battle of Helsingborg #1710 Great Northern War 0,010,700 10,700[243]
Batalla de Villaviciosa (1710) #1710 War of the Spanish Succession 0,095,000 12,000
Battle of Gulnabad #1722 Hotaki-Safavid War 0,010,700 17,000
Battle of Hohenfriedberg #1745 War of the Austrian Succession 0,095,000 18530
Battle of Fontenoy #1745 War of the Austrian Succession 0,014,000 14,000[244]
Battle of Leuthen #1757 Seven Years' War 0,011,800 11,800[245]
Battle of Prague #1757 Seven Years' War 0,011,800 +27,570
Battle of Rossbach #1757 Seven Years' War 0,011,800 10,000[246]
Battle of Zorndorf #1758 Seven Years' War 0,030,000 30,000
Battle of Krefeld #1758 Seven Years' War 0,030,000 5,200
Battle of Kunersdorf #1759 Seven Years' War 0,035,000 35,000[247]
Battle of Torgau #1760 Seven Years' War 0,035,000 +32560
Third Battle of Panipat #1761 Marathas and Afghans 0,100,001 65,000[248][249]
Battle of Kup #1762 Afghan-Sikh Wars 0,060,000 Around 20,000[250]
Battle of Freiberg #1762 Seven Years' War 0,060,000 10,500
Battle of Kagul #1770 Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 0,021,000 21,000[251]
Battle of Porto Novo #1781 Second Anglo-Mysore War 0,060,000 9306
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút #1785 Siamese-Vietnamese Wars 0,050,000 50,000[252]
Battle of Rymnik #1789 Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 0,021,000 21,000[253]
Battle of Mardanpur 1794 Maratha and Patiala 8,333-52,333[254]
Battle of Loano #1795 War of the First Coalition 0,011,000 10,000
Battle of Arcole #1796 War of the First Coalition 0,011,000 11,000[255]
Battle of Rivoli #1797 War of the First Coalition 0,011,000 17,500
Battle of Trebbia #1799 War of the Second Coalition 0,017,000 17,000–23,000[256]
Battle of Novi #1799 War of the Second Coalition 0,019,500 19,500[257]
Battle of the Pyramids #1799 War of the Second Coalition 0,019,500 10,000+
Battle of Marengo #1800 War of the Second Coalition 0,016,400 16,400[258]
Battle of Pozzolo #1800 War of the Second Coalition 0,016,400 +13,000
Battle of Hohenlinden #1800 War of the Second Coalition 0,016,400 16,000+
Ulm campaign #1805 War of the Third Coalition 0,062,000 62,000[258]
Battle of Austerlitz #1805 War of the Third Coalition 0,045,300 45,300[259]
Battle of Schöngrabern #1805 War of the Third Coalition 0,045,300 5,000
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt #1806 War of the Fourth Coalition 0,052,000 52,000 including prisoners later killed[260]
Battle of Eylau #1807 War of the Fourth Coalition 0,040,000 40,000[260]
Battle of Friedland #1807 War of the Fourth Coalition 0,050,000 28,000–50,000[261]
Battle of Bailen #1808 Peninsular war 0,050,000 21,000
Battle of Aspern-Essling #1809 War of the Fifth Coalition 0,042,900 42,900[262]
Battle of Landshut #1809 War of the Fifth Coalition 0,042,900 9,000
Battle of Abensberg #1809 War of the Fifth Coalition 0,042,900 8,200
Battle of Wagram #1809 War of the Fifth Coalition 0,077,000 77,000[260]–79,000[263]
Battle of Talavera #1809 Peninsular War 0,013,900 13,900[264]
Battle of Slobozia #1811 Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) 0,020,000 20,000[265]
Battle of Salamanca #1812 Peninsular War 0,018,800 18,800[266]
Battle of Smolensk #1812 French invasion of Russia 0,024,000 24,000[267]
Battle of Borodino #1812 French invasion of Russia 0,074,000 74,000[268]
Battle of Berezina #1812 French invasion of Russia 0,060,000 60,000[268]
Battle of Vitoria #1813 Peninsular War 0,013,000 13,000[266]
Battle of Lützen #1813 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,031,155 31,155–52,000[269][270]
Battle of Dresden #1813 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,048,000 48,000[259]
Battle of Dennewitz #1813 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,033,000 33,000[271]
Battle of Leipzig #1813 War of the Sixth Coalition 0,124,000 124,000[42]
Battle of Ligny #1815 Hundred Days 0,028,000 28,000[272]
Battle of Waterloo #1815 Hundred Days 0,047,000 47,000+ (not including prisoners and missing)[273][274]
Battle of Ayacucho #1824 Peruvian War of Independence 0,047,000 +3400
Battle of Jamrud #1837 Afghan-Sikh Wars 0,047,000 11,000+
Battle of Inkerman #1854 Crimean War 0,015,857 15,857[275]
Battle of Choloki #1854 Crimean War 0,015,857 5,500
Battle of Kurekdere #1854 Crimean War 0,015,857 3,409
Battle of Alma #1854 Crimean War 0,015,857 +9,100
Battle of Magenta #1859 Second Italian War of Independence 0,015,857 +14,900
Battle of Solferino #1859 Second Italian War of Independence 0,015,857 +39,500
First Battle of Bull Run #1861 American Civil War 0,024,000 4,690
Battle of Shiloh #1862 American Civil War 0,024,000 24,000[276]
Battle of Antietam #1862 American Civil War 0,023,000 23,000[45]–26,193[277]
Battle of Fredericksburg #1862 American Civil War 0,017,300 17,300[45]–17,962[278]
Battle of Richmond #1862 American Civil War 0,017,300 +5900
Battle of Gettysburg #1863 American Civil War 0,051,000 51,000[279][280]
Battle of Salem Church #1863 American Civil War 0,051,000 +9500
Battle of Chickamauga #1863 American Civil War 0,034,001 34,624[281]
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House #1864 American Civil War 0,030,001 30,000[282]
Battle of Stones River #1862–1863 American Civil War 0,024,001 24,000[283]
Battle of Königgrätz #1866 Austro-Prussian War 0,047,500 47,500[284]
Battle of Münchengrätz #1866 Austro-Prussian War 0,047,500 3,000
Battle of Tuyutí #1866 Paraguayan War 0,007,001 7,000–16,000[285]
Battle of Curupayty #1866 Paraguayan War 0,007,001 4,300
Battle of Ytororó #1868 Paraguayan War 0,007,001 3,300+
Battle of Acosta Ñu #1869 Paraguayan War 0,007,0015,102
Battle of Piribebuy #1869 Paraguayan War 0,007,0012,210
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte #1870 Franco-Prussian War 0,034,000 34,000[284]
Battle of Sedan #1870 Franco-Prussian War 0,026,000 26,000[286]
Second Battle of Orleans (1870) #1870 Franco-Prussian War 0,026,000 8,740
Battle of Isandlwana #1879 Anglo-Zulu War 0,026,000 6,300
Battle of Kambula #1879 Anglo-Zulu War 0,026,000 2,134
Battle of Arica #1880 War of the Pacific 0,026,000 3600+
Battle of Adwa #1896 First Italo-Ethiopian War 0,017,300 17,300[287]
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican #1896 Philippine Revolutionary War 0,002,001 2,000–15,000[288]
Battle of Omdurman #1898 Mahdist War 0,020,430 20,430[289]
Battle of Sakarya #1921 Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22 0,061,000 61,000[290][291]
Battle or Action Year Conflict Casualties
Battle of Salamis 480 BC Second Persian Invasion of Greece 50000?
Battle of Chaul 1508 Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts 840
Battle of Lepanto 1571 Ottoman–Habsburg wars 40000
Battle of São Vicente 1583 Eighty Years' War 166
Battle of Solebay 1672 Third Anglo-Dutch War 3100
Battle of Pondicherry 1759 Seven Years' War 1589
Battle of Chesma 1770 Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 12000
Battle of Dogger Bank (1781) 1781 Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 988
Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790) 1790 Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) 6000 — 12000
Battle of the Nile 1798 French campaign in Egypt and Syria 8997
Battle of Copenhagen (1801) 1801 War of the Second Coalition 2800
Battle of Trafalgar 1805 War of the Third Coalition 4853
Battle of Navarino 1827 Greek War of Independence 6000
Battle of Sinop 1853 Crimean War 3366
Battle of Hampton Roads 1862 American Civil War 392
Battle of Riachuelo 1865 Paraguayan War 997
Battle of the Yalu River (1894) 1894 First Sino-Japanese War 1730
Battle of the Yellow Sea 1904 Russo-Japanese War 566
Battle of Tsushima 1905 Russo-Japanese War 5162
Battle of Lemnos (1913) 1913 First Balkan War 146
Battle of Coronel 1914 World War I 1660
Battle of Dogger Bank (1915) 1915 World War I 1081
Battle of Jutland 1916 World War I 12000
Battle of Cape Machichaco 1937 Spanish Civil War 35
Battle of Cape Palos (1938) 1938 Spanish Civil War 765
Battle of the River Plate 1939 World War II 196
Attack on Mers-el-Kébir 1940 World War II 1669
Operation Juno 1940 World War II 1662
Last battle of Bismarck 1941 World War II 2249
Battle of Cape Matapan 1941 World War II 2303
Battle of Cape Bon 1941 World War II 817
Battle of the Java Sea 1942 World War II 2336
Battle of Midway 1942 World War II 3364
Battle of Santa Cruz Islands 1942 World War II 766
Naval Battle of Casablanca 1942 World War II 636
Battle of the Bismarck Sea 1943 World War II 2903
Battle of Leyte Gulf 1944 World War II 15500
Battle of San Carlos (1982) 1982 Falklands War 65

See also

Notes
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  46. Brewer, p. 53
  47. Grant, p. 253
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  49. Hall, p. 36
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References
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