List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene

This list of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the Asian continent and its islands.

Map of Asia

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals

Undated

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name scientific name	Range
Flores cave rat Spelaeomys florensis	Flores, Indonesia[1]
Ochotona transcaucasica	Caucasus[2]

Prehistoric

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Bubal hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus	1200-586 BCE[3]	North Africa and southern Levant
Alor Island giant rat Alormys aplini	1050 BCE[4]	Alor Island, Indonesia
Steppe bison Bison priscus	2550-2450 BCE[5]	Northern Eurasia and North America
Indian aurochs Bos primigenius namadicus	1800 BCE[6]	Indian subcontinent
Eurasian aurochs Bos primigenius primigenius	1900-1745 BCE[7]	Mid-latitude Eurasia[8]
Short-horned water buffalo Bubalus mephistopheles	1750-1650 BCE[9]	South, central, and east China
Miyako roe deer Capreolus tokunagai	9050-8050 BCE[4]	Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis	8050-7650 BCE[10]	Northern Eurasia
Buhler's coryphomys Coryphomys buehleri	50 BCE[4]	Timor
Timor giant rat Coryphomys musseri	50 BCE[4]	Timor
Chinese cave hyena Crocuta crocuta ultima	9550 BCE[11]	East Asia
Miyako long-tailed rat Diplothrix miyakoensis	9050-8050 BCE[4]	Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Syrian elephant Elephas maximus asurus	800-700 BCE[12]	Mesopotamia
European wild ass Equus hemionus hydruntinus	1294-1035 BCE[13]	Europe and southwest Asia
Lena horse Equus (ferus) lenensis[14]	400-1 BCE[15]	Northern Siberia
Ovodov's horse Equus ovodovi	c. 1500 BCE[16]	Southern Siberia to Manchuria[17]
Cypriot genet Genetta plesictoides	9050 BCE[4]	Cyprus
Hooijer's giant rat Hooijeromys nusantenggara	1050 BCE[4]	Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
Imperial gibbon Junzi imperialis	c. 240 BCE[18]	Shaanxi, China?
Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius	1795-1675 BCE[19]	Northern Eurasia and North America
Irish elk Megaloceros giganteus	4901-4831 BCE[20][15]	Europe and southern Siberia
Asian straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon namadicus	7330-6250 BCE (unconfirmed)[21]	South and east Asia
Verhoeven's giant tree rat Papagomys theodorverhoeveni	1050 BCE[4]	Flores, Indonesia
Sumba Island giant rat Raksasamys tikusbesar	1935-1700 BCE[4]	Sumba Island, Indonesia

Recent

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Caucasian moose Alces alces caucasicus	c. 1900[22]	Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian coast of the Black Sea
Caucasian wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus	1927[23]	Caucasus Mountains
Hokkaidō wolf Canis lupus hattai	c. 1889[24]	Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Iturup and Kunashir[25]
Japanese wolf Canis lupus hodophilax	1905[24]	Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Syrian wild ass Equus hemionus hemippus	1927[26]	Fertile Crescent
Queen of Sheba's gazelle Gazella bilkis	1951[27]	Southwestern Yemen
Saudi gazelle Gazella saudiya	1970[28]	Arabian Peninsula
Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas	1762-1763[29]	Bering Sea
Hokkaidō otter Lutra lutra whiteleyi	1950s[30]	Hokkaidō and southern Kuril Islands[31]
Japanese otter Lutra nippon	1983[31]	Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Formosan clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa brachyura	1983[32]	Taiwan
Bali tiger Panthera tigris balica	1937[33]	Bali, Indonesia
Javan tiger Panthera tigris sondaica	1984[33]	Java, Indonesia
Caspian tiger Panthera tigris virgata	1979[33]	Western and Central Asia
Christmas Island pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi	2009[34]	Christmas Island
Sturdee's pipistrelle Pipistrellus sturdeei	1889[35]	Haha-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
Vietnamese rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus	2010[36]	Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and eastern Thailand
Indian Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis	1920[36]	Northeastern India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Schomburgk's deer Rucervus schomburgki	1938[37]	Central Thailand
Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus	1951[38]	Japanese archipelago and Korea

Possibly extinct
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Kouprey Bos sauveli	1969[39]	Notheastern Cambodia
Ilin Island cloudrunner Crateromys paulus	1953[40]	Mindoro and Ilin Island, Philippines
Christmas Island shrew Crocidura trichura	1985[41]	Christmas Island
Northern Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis	unknown[42]	India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Baiji Lipotes vexillifer	2002[43]	Middle and lower Yangtze River, China
Gloomy tube-nosed bat Murina tenebrosa	1962[44]	Tsushima and possibly Yaku Island, Japan
Cebu warty pig Sus cebifrons cebifrons	1960s[45]	Cebu, Philippines[46]
Malabar large-spotted civet Viverra civettina	1989[47]	Western Ghats, India

Local

Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Reintroduction
Lowland wisent Bison bonasus bonasus	18th century	Central Europe to southern Siberia	1946 (Caucasus) 1982 (Altai)[48]
Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus	after 4000-3000 BCE[upper-alpha 1]	Central and eastern Asian steppe[50]
Dromedary Camelus dromedarius	404 BCE[51]	Arabian Peninsula
Pere David's deer Elaphurus davidianus	c. 400[52]	Northeastern China	1985[53]
African wild ass Equus africanus	3000 BCE[54]	North Africa, Levant, and Arabian Peninsula
Przewalski's horse Equus ferus przewalskii	1969	Central and eastern Asian steppe	1994[55]
Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius	1200-586 BCE[3]	Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levantine coast[56]
Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx	1972[57]	Arabian Peninsula	1982[58]
Muskox Ovibos moschatus	615-555 BCE[15]	Northern Eurasia and North America	1974[59]
South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis	c. 2000[60][61]	Southern China
Lesser kudu Tragelaphus imberbis	1968?[62][54]	East Africa and western Arabian Peninsula

Birds

Undated

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name scientific name	Range
Daito bush warbler Horornis diphone restricta	Daito Islands, Japan[63]

Prehistoric

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Bennu heron Ardea bennuides	2550 BCE[64]	Arabian Peninsula
East Asian ostrich Struthio anderssoni	6950 BCE[65]	Northern China and Mongolia
Asian ostrich Struthio asiaticus	7600-6245 BCE[66]	Eastern Europe through Kazakhstan to India and China[67]

Recent

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Car Nicobar sparrowhawk Accipiter butleri butleri	1901[68]	Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands
Iwo Jima rail Amaurornis cinerea brevipes	1911[68]	Naka Iwo Jima and Minami Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands
Bonin grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris	1828[69]	Bonin Islands, Japan
Cyprus dipper Cinclus cinclus olympicus	1945[70]	Cyprus
Bonin wood pigeon Columba versicolor	1889[71]	Bonin Islands, Japan
Ryukyu wood pigeon Columba jouyi	1936[68]	Ryukyu, Japan
Cebu hanging parrot Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus	1943[68]	Cebu, Philippines
Siquijor hanging parrot Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis	1908[68]	Siquijor, Philippines
Bonin nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris	1889[68]	Chichi-jima and Nakōdo-jima, Bonin Islands
Ticao tarictic hornbill Penelopidis panini ticaensis	1971[68]	Ticao Island, Philippines
Bornean Baillon's crake Porzana pusilla mira	1912[68]	Borneo
Daito varied tit Sittiparus varius orii	1938[68]	Kitadaitōjima, Okinawa, Japan
Arabian ostrich Struthio camelus syriacus	c. 1941[72]	Arabian Peninsula and Near East
Tawi-tawi buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus suluensis	1950s[68]	Jolo and Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines
Spectacled cormorant Urile perspicillatus	1850[73]	Commander Islands, Russia
Bonin thrush Zoothera terrestris	1828[74]	Bonin Islands, Japan

Possibly extinct
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Mukojima white-eye Apalopteron familiare familiare	1930s[75]	Mukojima, Bonin Islands
Sangihe dwarf kingfisher Ceyx fallax sangirensis	1997[68]	Sangihe Islands, Indonesia
Rück's blue flycatcher Cyornis ruckii	1918[76]	Northern Sumatra coast, Indonesia
White-eyed river martin Eurochelidon sirintarae	1978[77]	Central Thailand
Sulu bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei	1891[68]	Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines
Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris	2001[68]	Western Eurasia and North Africa
Himalayan quail Ophrysia superciliosa	1876[68]	Uttarakhand, India
Siau scops owl Otus siaoensis	1866[68]	Siau Island, Indonesia
Negros fruit dove Ptilinopus arcanus	1953[78]	Negros Island, Philippines
Pink-headed duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea	1949[79]	Northeast India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar
Crested shelduck Tadorna cristata	1964[80]	Primorye, Hokkaidō, and South Korea; possibly North Korea and northeastern China
Javan lapwing Vanellus macropterus	1940[81]	Java, Indonesia

Local

Extinct in the wild
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita	2014[82]	Mediterranean region

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Ryukyu tortoise Manouria oyamai	c. 9050 BCE[83]	Ryukyu, Japan

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Christmas Island forest skink Emoia nativitatis	2014[84]	Christmas Island
Chinese gharial Hanyusuchus sinensis	1292-1630[85]	South China and Hainan

Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus	c. 1900[86]	Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levant
Christmas Island blue-tailed skink Cryptoblepharus egeriae	2010[87]	Christmas Island
Christmas Island chained gecko Lepidodactylus listeri	2012[88]	Christmas Island

Amphibians

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Yunnan lake newt Cynops wolterstorffi	1979[89]	Kunming Lake, Yunnan, China
Gunther's streamlined frog Nannophrys guentheri	1882[90]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus adspersus	1886[91]	Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus dimbullae	1933[92]	Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus eximius	1933[93]	Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus extirpo	1882[94]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus halyi	1899[95]	Pattipola, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus leucorhinus	before 1856[96]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus maia	1876[97]	Poojagoda, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi	1927[98]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus nanus	1869[99]	Southern Sri Lanka
Sharp-nosed bush frog Pseudophilautus nasutus	1869[100]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus	1872[101]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus pardus	before 1859[102]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus rugatus	1927[103]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus temporalis	1864[104]	Sri Lanka
Variable bush frog Pseudophilautus variabilis	1858[105]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zal	before 1947[106]	Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zimmeri	1927[107]	Point de Galle, Sri Lanka

Fish

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Beyşehir bleak Alburnus akili	1955[108]	Lake Beyşehir, Turkey
Anabarilius macrolepis	1981[109]	Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Pait Barbodes amarus	1982[110]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Baolan Barbodes baoulan	1991[111]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan Barbodes clemensi	1975[112]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes disa	1964[113]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Katapa-tapa Barbodes flavifuscus	1964[114]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes herrei	1974[115]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes katolo	1977[116]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Kandar Barbodes lanaoensis	1964[117]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes manalak	1977[118]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu Barbodes pachycheilus	1964[119]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan Barbodes palaemophagus	1975[120]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes palata	1964[121]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan Barbodes resimus	1964[122]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes tras	1976[123]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu Barbodes truncatulus	1973[124]	Lake Lanao, Philippines
Lost shark Carcharinus obsoletus	1934[125]	Southern South China Sea
Yilong carp Cyprinus yilongensis	1981[126]	Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Hula bream Mirogrex hulensis	1975[127]	Lake Hula, Israel
Siamese flat-barbelled catfish Platytropius siamensis	1975-1977[128]	Chao Phraya and Bang Pakong River basins, Thailand
Chinese paddlefish Psephurus gladius	2003[129]	Yangtze and Yellow River basins, China
Syr Darya sturgeon Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi	1960s[130]	Syr Darya River
Schizothorax saltans	1953[131]	Talas River basin, Kazakhstan
Tristramella intermedia	1970s[132]	Lake Hula, Israel
Tristramella magdelainae	1950s[133]	Damascus, Syria

Extinct in the wild
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Yangtze sturgeon Acipenser dabryanus	2000[134]	Yangtze River basin, China
Kunimasu Oncorhynchus kawamurae	1940[135]	Lake Tazawa, Japan
Beloribitsa Stenodus leucichthys	1960s[136]	Caspian Sea, Volga, Ural, and Terek River drainages

Earthworms

Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name scientific name	Extinction date	Range
Amynthas japonicus	1820s[137]	Nagasaki?, Japan

Molluscs

Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name scientific name	Range	Image
Gastrocopta chichijimana	Bonin Islands, Japan[138]
Gastrocopta ogasawarana	Bonin Islands, Japan[139]
Hirasea planulata	Bonin Islands, Japan[140]
Lamellidea monodonta	Bonin Islands, Japan[141]
Lamellidea nakadai	Bonin Islands, Japan[142]
Littoraria flammea	China[143]
Trochoidea picardi	Israel[144]
Vitrinula chaunax	Bonin Islands, Japan[145]
Vitrinula chichijimana	Bonin Islands, Japan[146]
Vitrinula hahajimana	Bonin Islands, Japan[147]

Notes

The extant wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) from East Turkestan is not the ancestor of C. bactrianus.[49]

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External links

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List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene

Mammals

Undated

Prehistoric

Recent

Local

Birds

Undated

Prehistoric

Recent

Local

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

Earthworms

Molluscs

See also

Notes

References

External links