List of calypsos with sociopolitical influences

This is a list of calypsos categorised by main topics.

"Calypso music has been used by Calypsonians to provide sociopolitical commentary. Prior to the independence of Trinidad and Tobago, calypsonians would use their music to express the daily struggles of living in Trinidad, critique racial and economic inequalities, express opinions on social order, and voice overall concerns for those living on the island. The Black lower class in particular used Calypso music to protest inequalities inflicted upon them under British rule and advocate for their rights. In response, Calypso music came to exist as a form of musical protest."

American presence in Trinidad and Tobago

Aspirations / Dreams

Christmas period

Corruption / Criminality

The Mighty Shadow

Culture - Calypso / Carnival evolution

Culture - Calypso War / Extempo / Picong

Lord Invader, The Growler, Atilla the Hun and Roaring Lion (1943) - Calypso22

Culture - Icons (Calypso / Carnival / Pan)

  • "Ah Miss de Bards" (2014), Chalkdust[9]
  • "Ah Thief it from Kitch" (1974), Chalkdust[22]
  • "Atilla’s Pen" (2011), Kurt Allen[8][23]
  • "Before You Gone" - "Before you gone Birdie" (2016), Macomere Fifi
  • "Black Stalin Say" (2013), Kurt Allen[8][23]
  • "For Kitchener's Sake" (2000), Chalkdust[9][8]
  • "Formula" (2019), Pharaoh[23]
  • "Godfather (The)" (2001), Mighty Bomber[23]
  • "Hammer (The)" (1986), David Rudder[9][11]
  • "Heroes" (2001), Denyse Plummer[8][23]
  • "Is Wot" (2022), David Rudder
  • "Kaiso Kaiso" (2006), Luta[8]
  • "Kitchener Say" (2001), Defosto
  • "One for Bertie" (2013), Helon Francis[23]
  • "One More Kitchener" (2000), Defosto[23]
  • "Pretender's Reminder" (2015), Mistah Shak[21][23]
  • "Sartorial Elegance" (2007), Duane O'Connor[23]
  • "Tribute to Kitchener" (2000), Lord Relator[8][23]
  • "Tribute to Singing Sandra" (2021), Ajamu
  • "Tribute to Sundar Popo" (1995), Black Stalin[9][8]
  • "Tribute to Winsford Devine" (2010), Crazy[23]
  • "Trinity is My Name" (1994), Delamo[8]
  • "Will (The)" (1982), Scrunter[7][8]
  • "Wot Time it is" (2022), Aaron Duncan

Culture - Kalenda / Stick Fighting

Culture - Steelpan

Steelpan - Renegades

Culture - Other

Drugs

Economy / Poverty

Education

Environment

  • "Mother Earth Crying" (1994), Baron
  • "Progress" (1980), King Austin[7][8][23][2]
  • "Progress 2021" (2021), Crazy
  • "What to Do with the Environment" (1994), Chalkdust

Family Relations

Feminism

Calypso Rose at Womex Awards - 2016

Food / Drink

Grandstanding / Boasting

Health

  • "Ah Fraid de AIDS" (1988), Mighty Sparrow[3]
  • "Asian Flu" (1958), Mighty Wrangler[17]
  • "Awakening" (The) (2021), Crazy[23]
  • "Backyard Jam" (2021), Farmer Nappy[23]
  • "Better Days" (2021), Patrice Roberts[23]
  • "Doh JackAss the Scene" (2021), Devon Seale
  • "Ebola Scare" (2015), Myron B[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Amery Brown[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Brian London[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Devon Seale[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Heather MacIntosh[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), His Majesty Baker Jr (First of the chain)[23][41]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Josef Paty[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Michelle Henry[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Raymond Ramnarine[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Roger Mohammed[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Singing Sandra[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Stacey Sobers[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Terri Lyons[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Lady Watchman[23]
  • "Extempo Quarantine Challenge" (2020), Queen Victoria[23]
  • "Fighting AIDS" (2005), Adesh Samaroo[23]
  • "H.I.V" (2001), Mighty Shadow[23]
  • "How I Spent My Time at the Hospital" (1938), Lord Executor[17]
  • "Jaws" (1977), Lord Kitchener[9]
  • "Melancholy" (2021), Nailah Blackman[23]
  • "Ms Corona" (2020), G String[23]
  • "Negative to Positive" (1992), Bryan Bumba Payne[3]
  • "Pandemic" (2021), Brother Mudada
  • "Vaccine or Not" (2021), Kurt Allen[23]
  • "What Corona Do" (2021), Contender[23]

Humour / Puns

(Portrait of Calypso, between 1938 and 1948) - Lord Invader

Jump up / Carnival dancing / Bacchanal

Machel Montano (Reggae Awards 2007)

LGBTQ

Machismo / Misogynist

National Identity - Pride & Hope

National Identity - Emigration

National Identity - Immigration

News events - West Indies

News events - World

Politics - Before Independence (West Indies)

Politics - Federation (West Indies) - Caribbean Unity

Politics - From Independence (West Indies)

Mighty Gabby

Politics - USA

Politics - World (Other)

Promotion / Advertising

Racial identity / Slavery

Dr Hollis "Chalkdust" Liverpool

Religion - Christian / Gospelypso

Religion - Others

Shango / Folklore

Social commentaries - Others

Spirituality / Philosophy

Sports - Cricket

Brian Lara

Sports - Others

  • "ATO" - "Ato Boldon" (1996), G.B. (Gregory Ballantyne)
  • "Ato’s Gold" (1998), Denyse Plummer[8]
  • "Crawfie" - "Crawford" - "Halsey Crawford with a Bullet" (1977), Mighty Sparrow[1]
  • "Crawford is the Man" - "Halsey Crawford" (1977), Lord Kitchener[8]
  • "Fighter" (2006), Maximus Dan[23]
  • "Games" (2017), Heather MacIntosh[9][23]
  • "Gold" (1976), Maestro[1]
  • "Gold Coast Champion" (1950), Lord Beginner[17]
  • "Granny" (1986), Natasha Wilson[8]
  • "Javelin Jam" (2013), Mistah Shak[23]
  • "Is Only Sports" (1995), Kurt Allen[8]
  • "Keep Fit" - "Keep Fit Man" (1983), All Rounder
  • "Keshorn" - "Javelin Champion (The)" (2013), Eunice Peters[23]
  • "Louis Schmeling Fight" (1937), Atilla the Hun[17][22]
  • "Muhammad Ali" (2002), Mr. Calypso
  • "Play Ball" (1960), Lord Christo[22]
  • "Randolph Turpin's Victory" (1951), Lord Kitchener[6]
  • "Road to Italy" (1989), Superblue[8]
  • "World Cup" (1976), Maestro

Tabanca / Love

"Tabanca, tabanka, tabankca, tobanca (n) (Grenada, Guyana, Trinidad): A painful feeling of unrequited love, from loving someone who does not love in return, especially someone who was once a lover or spouse."[47]

War - Up to end of World War II

Wars - Post World War II

References

  1. Warner, Keith Q. (1 January 1982). Kaiso! The Trinidad Calypso - A study of the calypso as oral literature. Washington D.C.: Three Continents Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-89410-025-4.
  2. Rohlehr, Gordon. "A Scuffling of Islands: The Dream and Reality of Caribbean Unity in Poetry and Song - Roseau to Montego Bay (The Integrationist Caribbean)". Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  3. Lowe, Agatha (1993). "Themes of War, Politics and Health Education in Calypso Music". Caribbean Quarterly. 39 (2): 56–72. doi:10.1080/00086495.1993.11671784. JSTOR 40653847.
  4. Hill, Errol G. (1989). "Calypso and War". African American Review, Black American Literature Forum. 23 (1): 61–88. doi:10.2307/2903988. JSTOR 2903988.
  5. Winer, Lise (1986). "Socio-Cultural Change and the Language of Calypso". Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide. 60 (3/4): 113–148. doi:10.1163/13822373-90002057. JSTOR 41849251.
  6. Cowley, John Houlston (April 1992). MUSIC & MIGRATION: Aspects of Black Music in the British Caribbean, the United States, and Britain, before the Independence of Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago (PhD). University of Warwick. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  7. Maharaj, George. "Top 100 Calypsos of the 20th Century" (PDF). Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  8. Pierre, Giselle M. (2016). Calypso Chronicles: History Through Calypso I. Amazon.ca. p. 208. ISBN 9781508436201.
  9. Emrit, Ronald. "Calypsonians 1900 - 2018". Best of Trinidad. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  10. Calypso - Musical Poetry in the Caribbean - 1955 - 69. (CD). Soul Jazz records. 2014.
  11. Liverpool, Hollis (Mighty Chalkdust) (1 February 2001). Rituals of Power and Rebellion - The Carnival Tradition in Trinidad & Tobago (1763 - 1962). Research Associates School Times. p. 518. ISBN 0948390808.
  12. Unknown. "A chronology of selected songs by Mighty Sparrow that address social, political and topical themes" (PDF). Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  13. Liverpool, Hollis (Mighty Chalkdust) (1994). "Researching Steelband and Calypso Music in the British Caribbean and the U. S. Virgin Islands.". Center for Black Music Research - Columbia College Chicago and University of Illinois Press. 14 (2): 179–201. doi:10.2307/779483. JSTOR 779483.
  14. Sylvester, Meagan (2019). "Narratives of Resistance in Trinidad's Calypso and Soca Music". Caribbean Pelau - The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus. 11 (3): 105–116. doi:10.18733/cpi29507.
  15. Pouchet Paquet, Sandra; Saunders, Patricia; Stuempfle, Stephen (28 September 2007). Music. Memory. Resistance: Calypso and the Caribbean Literary Imagination. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers. p. 352. ISBN 978-976-637-290-3.
  16. Morgan, Paula (2005). "With a Tassa Blending: Calypso and Cultural Identity in Indo-Caribbean Fiction". Anthurium, vol. 3, no. 2, 2005, p. 10. 3 (2): 10.
  17. Gibbs, Craig Martin (30 April 2015). Calypso and Other Music of Trinidad 1912-1962. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 384. ISBN 978-0786478514.
  18. Naipaul, V.S. (1959). Miguel Street. Penguin Books Ltd. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. p. 172.
  19. Unknown. "Discography of American Historical Recording". UC Santa Barbara Library. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  20. Caldwell, Taylor. "The Sparrow revolution: Fifty years and still going strong". Big drum nation, July 9, 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  21. Dean, Darryl (2015). Calypso as a vehicle for political commentary: An endangered musical species (PDF) (Master). Carleton University. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  22. Emrit, Ronald. "Calypsography". Best of Trinidad. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  23. Pierre, Giselle M. (20 May 202). Calypso Chronicles: History Through Calypso II. Independently published. p. 203. ISBN 979-8548539021.
  24. Ferreira, Jo-Anne S.; Hodge, Nnamdi. "Patois in Calypso". Montray Créyol, February 5, 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  25. Ramm, Benjamin. "The subversive power of calypso music". BBC Culture, October 11, 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  26. Calypsos from Trinidad - Politics, Intrigue & Violence in the 1930s. (CD). Arhoolie Prod., Inc. 1991.
  27. Rohlehr, Gordon (2008). "Calypso, Literature and West Indian Cricket: Era of Dominance.". Anthurium. 6: 4.
  28. Khan, Nasser. "History through calypso—Abdul Malik trial". Trinidad & Tobago Guardian, November 12, 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  29. Rohlehr, Gordon (2010). "Deconstructing "The Equaliser": Beyond a Balance of Terror" (PDF). Caribbean Reviews of Gender Studies (4).
  30. Fergus, Claudius (2014). "From slavery to black power: the enigma of africa in the trinidad calypso". Historical Society of Ghana (16): 1–26.
  31. Dowrich-Phillips, Laura. "7 calypsoes that kept us entertained with hot topics of the day". Loop, October 4, 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  32. Mohammed, Patricia (1991). "Reflections on the Women's Movement in Trinidad: Calypsos, Changes and Sexual Violence". Sage Publications, Ltd. 38: 33–47.
  33. Unknown. "Celebrating our Calypso Monarchs 1939-1980. T&T History through the eyes of Calypso" (PDF). Trinidad & Tobago government, July 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  34. Hinds, David (2010). "A Mailman to make Government Understand: The Calypsonian (Mighty Chalkdust) as Political Opposition in the Caribbean". Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library. 4 (2).
  35. Mahabir, Cynthia (2001). "The Rise of Calypso Feminism: Gender and Musical Politics in the Calypso". Cambridge University Press. 20 (3): 409–430. JSTOR 853630.
  36. Battistelli, Davina (2019). "Calypsonian women: A mode of resistance that empowers feminity". University of Guelph.
  37. Schwedel, Heather. "How "Leave Me Alone" Became the Feminist Anthem Trinidad's Carnival Needs". Slate, February 28, 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  38. Powers, Martine. "Leave Me Alone: Trinidad's women find a rallying cry for this year's Carnival". The Washington Post, February 26, 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  39. Editorial. "Woman on the bass". Trinidad & Tobago Newsday, October 29, 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  40. Doley, Peter (26 January 2013). "Calypso and the Bush". Flinders University of South Australia (Australian Literary Studies in the 21st Century).
  41. Unknown. "Hope in confinement: The Caribbean Calypso Challenge". UNESCO, June 11, 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  42. Spencer, Neil. "Lord Kitchener steps off the Empire Windrush, June 16, 2011". Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  43. Daly, Martin. "Another letter for Thelma". Daily Express - Trinidad Express Newspapers, January 23, 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  44. Toussaint, Michael (2009). "Trinidad Calypso as Postmodernism in the Diaspora: Linking Rhythms, Lyrics, and the Ancestral Spirits". Research in African Literatures. Indiana University Press. 40: 137–144.
  45. Francis, Sherese. "Modern Griots: The Mighty Shadow's Musical Jumbie". June 10, 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  46. Staff. "Gavaskar Calypso: a classic song about India's 1971 victory against the Windies". Scroll.in. April 16, 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  47. Morris, Kirt. "Everybody in Trinidad have ah Tabanca at least once in their life". Trini in Xisle, March 10, 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2021.

See Also (For Additional Information)

Books

  • Abrahams, Roger D. (1983). The Man-of-words in the West Indies: Performance and the Emergence of Creole Culture. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801828386.
  • Birth, Kevin K. (2008). Bacchanalian sentiments : Musical experiences and political counterpoints in Trinidad. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4141-3. OCLC 165082227.
  • Constance, Zeno Obi (1991). Tassa,chutney & soca: The East Indian contribution to the calypso. Z.O. Constance.
  • Cowley, John (1998). Carnival, canboulay, and calypso : Traditions in the making. Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-65389-4. OCLC 41883641.
  • de Leon, Rafael (1986). Calypso from France to Trinidad: 800 years of history. Trinidad: General Printers of San Juan. LCCN 89100770. OCLC 59071686.
  • Dudley, Shannon (2004). Carnival music in Trinidad : Experiencing music, expressing culture. New York. ISBN 0-19-513833-3. OCLC 51607410.
  • Gibbs, Craig Martin (2015). Calypso and other music of Trinidad, 1912-1962 : An annotated discography. Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4766-1931-6. OCLC 908763141.
  • Guilbault, Jocelyne (2007). Governing sound : The cultural politics of Trinidad's Carnival musics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31059-6. OCLC 74029379.
  • Hill, Donald R. (1993). Calypso calaloo : Early carnival music in Trinidad. Gainesville. ISBN 0-8130-1221-X. OCLC 27727033.
  • Hodge, Merle; Ferreira, Jo-Anne (2009). Vini chanté an Patwa: (Come sing in patois) ; Patois songs of Trinidad and Tobago. Society for Caribbean Linguistics (SCL). ISBN 9789769510418.
  • Liverpool, First1=Hollis (Mighty Chalkdust) (1 June 1987). Calypsonians to remember. Virgin Islands Commission. ISBN 0937421022.
  • Liverpool, Hollis (2003). From the horse's mouth : An analysis of certain significant aspects in the development of the calypso and society as gleaned from personal communication with some outstanding calypsonians. Diego Martin, Trinidad: Juba Publications. ISBN 976-8194-13-8. OCLC 53795321.
  • Liverpool, Hollis (1986). Kaiso and society. Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, V.I.: Virgin Islands Commission on Youth. OCLC 19282261.
  • Liverpool, Hollis (2001). Rituals of power and rebellion : The carnival tradition in Trinidad and Tobago, 1763-1962. Chicago. ISBN 0-948390-80-8. OCLC 46536824.
  • Maharaj, George D. (2004). The roots of calypso, volume 1 - A short passage into the world of calypso. [Toronto]: G.D. Maharaj. ISBN 0-9734904-0-3. OCLC 57405250.
  • Maharaj, George D. (2007). The Roots of Calypso, Volume 2 - Another passage into the world of calypso. Trinidad and Tobago Hi Tech Printers Inc. Ltd.
  • Marshall, Trevor G. (1986). Notes on the history and evolution of calypso in Barbados. University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Department of History.
  • Niranjana, Tejaswini (2006). Mobilizing India : Women, music, and migration between India and Trinidad. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3828-9. OCLC 64585850.
  • Nurse (2007). Unheard voices : The rise of steelband and calypso in the Caribbean and North America. New York: iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-40153-6. OCLC 137751788.
  • Ottley, Rudolph (1992). Women in calypso. Arima, Trinidad. ISBN 976-8136-24-3. OCLC 27868981.
  • Phillips, Everard M. (2009). The political calypso : A sociolinguistic process of conflict transformation. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Personal Power Unlimited. ISBN 978-976-8223-28-9. OCLC 317116607.
  • Pierre, Giselle (2016). Calypso chronicles: history through calypso I. ISBN 9781508436201.
  • Pierre, Giselle (2021). Calypso chronicles: history through calypso II. ISBN 979-8548539021.
  • Paquet, Sandra Pouchet; Saunders, Patricia Joan; Stuempfle, Stephen (2007). Music, memory, resistance : Calypso and the Caribbean literary imagination. Kingston, Jamaica. ISBN 978-976-637-290-3. OCLC 173808219.
  • Quevedo, Raymond (Atilla the Hun) (1983). Attila's kaiso: A short history of Trinidad Calypso. St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies : University of the West Indies, Dept. of Extra Mural Studies.
  • Regis, Louis (1999). The political calypso : True opposition in Trinidad and Tobago, 1962-1987. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-2379-3. OCLC 48138016.
  • Rohlehr, Gordon (1990). Calypso & society in pre-independence Trinidad. Port of Spain, Trinidad. ISBN 976-8012-52-8. OCLC 23928095.
  • Rohlehr, Gordon (24 June 2021). The shape of that hurt. Caribbean Modern Classics. ISBN 9781845234645.
  • Rudder, David; La Rose, John (1990). Kaiso calypso music : David Rudder in conversation with John La Rose.. London: New Beacon Books. ISBN 1-873201-00-1. OCLC 24849319.
  • Selvon, Sam (25 May 2023). Calypso in London., hard cover. Penguin Classics. ISBN 9780241630877.
  • Thompson, Dave (2002). Reggae & caribbean music. Backbeat Books. pp. 5, 59. ISBN 0-87930-655-6.
  • Warner, Keith Q. (1982). Kaiso! The Trinidad calypso : A study of the calypso as oral literature. Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-89410-025-4. OCLC 8762968.

Journals

Articles

Audio

  • Calypso - Musical poetry in the Caribbean (1955 - 69) (CD). Soul Jazz records. 2014.
  • Calypsos from Trinidad - Politics, intrigue & violence in the 1930s (CD). Arhoolie Prod., Inc. 1991.
  • Melody vs. Sparrow - A friendly calypso feud (CD). Erasmus Black Records. 19 June 2020.
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