List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires

This list includes Buddhist Kingdoms, Empires and Khanates in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.

South Asia

Sri Lanka
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Anuradhapura Kingdom 437 BCE 1017 CE Anuradhapura Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 CE 1232 CE Polonnaruwa Sinhala, Sanskrit  Sri Lanka,  India
Kingdom of Dambadeniya 1220 CE 1345 CE Dambadeniya,Yapahuwa,Polonnaruwa,Kurunagala Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Gampola 1341 CE 1408 CE Gampola Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Kotte 1412 CE 1597 CE Kotte Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Sitawaka 1521 CE 1594 CE Sitawaka Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Kandy 1469 CE 1815 CE Kandy Sinhala,Tamil  Sri Lanka

India
Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in India[1]
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Magadha 1100 BCE 345 BCE Rajagriha,Pataliputra Sanskrit,Magadhi Prakrit,Ardhamagadhi  India
Kosala 1100 BCE 5th century BCE Ayodhya,Shravasti Sanskrit  India,   Nepal
Malla 7th century BCE 4th century BCE Kusinara,Pava Prakrit  India
Vajjika League 6th century BCE 468 BCE Vesali Prakrit,Sanskrit  India,   Nepal
Mauryan Empire 322 BCE 184 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit  India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan,   Nepal, Tajikistan, Iran
Western Satraps 35 CE 415 CE Ujjain,Barygaza,Minnagara Pali,Prakrit,Sanskrit  India, Pakistan
Northern Satraps 60 BCE 2nd century CE Sagala,Mathura  India, Pakistan
Pithipatis of Bodh gaya 11th century CE 13th century CE Bodhgaya  India
Kingdom of Sikkim 1642 CE 1975 CE Yuksom,Rabdentse,Tumlong,Gangtok Chöke,Sikkimese  India

Bangladesh

South East Asia

Myanmar
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Pyu-city State 2nd century BCE 1050 CE Sri Ksetra,Halin,Beikthano,Pinle,Binnaka Pyu  Myanmar
Thaton Kingdom 4th century BCE 1057 May 18 Thaton Mon  Myanmar
Pagan Kingdom 849 CE 1297 CE Pagan Old Burmese,Mon,Pyu  Myanmar
Myinsaing Kingdom 1297 CE 1313 CE Myinsaing,Mekkhaya,Pinle Burmese,Shan,Mon  Myanmar
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287 CE 1552 CE Marthaban,Donwun,Pegu Mon,Old Burmese  Myanmar, Thailand
Shan States 1215 CE 1885 CE Mogaung Shan,Burmese
Pinya Kingdom 1313 CE 1365 CE Pinya Burmese  Myanmar
Sagaing Kingdom 1315 CE 1365 CE Sagaing Burmese  Myanmar
Kingdom of Ava 1365 CE 1555 CE Sagaing,Pinya,Ava Old Burmese,Shan  Myanmar
Prome Kingdom 1482 CE 1542 CE Prome Burmese  Myanmar
Toungoo dynasty 1510 CE 1752 CE Toungoo,Pegu,Ava Burmese  Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, India, China
Konbaung dynasty 1752 CE 1885 CE Shwebo,Sagaing,Ava,Amarapura,Mandalay Burmese  Myanmar, Thailand, India, China

Thailand
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Dvaravati 7th century CE 11th century CE Mon  Thailand
Lavo Kingdom 648 CE 1388 CE Lavo,Ayutthaya Mon,Old Khmer,Thai  Thailand
Haripunchai 629 CE 1292 CE Haripunchai Northern Thai,Pali,Mon,Lawa  Thailand
Ngoenyang 638 CE 1292 CE Hiran, Ngoenyang Northern Thai  Thailand
Phayao Kingdom 1094 CE 1338 CE Phayao Tai  Thailand
Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 CE 1584 CE Sukhothai,Song Khwae Sukhothai  Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Laos
Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom 13th century CE 1782 CE Nakhon Si Tammarat Southern Thai,Pali,Sanskrit,Malay language,Tamil
Lan Na 1292 CE 1775 January 15 Chiang Rai,Fang,Wiang Kum Kam,Chiang Mai Northern Thai,Burmese language  Thailand, Myanmar
Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 CE 1767 CE Ayutthaya,Phitsanulok,Lopburi Siamese  Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Malaysia
Thonburi Kingdom 1767 CE 1782 CE Thonburi Thai  Thailand, Laos
Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782 CE 1932 CE Bangkok Central Thai  Thailand, Myanmar

Cambodia
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Chenla 550 CE 802 CE Isanapura Old Khmer,Sanskrit  Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
Khmer Empire 802 CE 1431 CE Mahendraparvata,Hariharalaya,Koh Ker,Yashodharapura Old Khmer,Sanskrit,Dravidian languages  Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand
Post-Angkor Period 1431 CE 1863 CE Chaktomuk,Longvek,Lvea Aem,Oudong Middle Khmer,Khmer language  Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam

Laos
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Lan Xang 1353 CE 1707 CE Luang Prabang,Vientiane Lao  Laos, Thailand
Kingdom of Luang Prabang 1707 CE 1893 CE Luang Prabang Lao  Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, China
Kingdom of Vientiane 1707 CE 1828 CE Vientiane Lao  Laos, Thailand
Kingdom of Champasak 1713 CE 1904 CE Champasak Lao  Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam
Muang Phuan 1707 CE 1899 CE Muang Phuan Lao  Laos, Vietnam

East Asia

Northern China and Mongolian Plateau
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Rouran Khaganate 330 CE 555 CE Gansu, Mumocheng Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese  China,  Mongolia,  Kazakhstan,  Russia
Uyghur Khaganate 744 CE 847 CE Otuken, Ordu-Baliq Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese  China,  Mongolia,  Kazakhstan,  Russia
Liao dynasty 916 CE 1125 CE Shangjing Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen  China,  Mongolia,  North Korea,  Russia
Yuan dynasty 1271 CE 1368 CE Khanbaliq Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur  China,  Mongolia,  Myanmar,  North Korea,  Russia,  South Korea
Northern Yuan dynasty 1368 CE 1635 CE Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen  China,  Mongolia,  Russia
Four Oirat 1399 CE 1634 CE Mongolic (Oirat language)  China,  Mongolia,  Russia
Bogd Khanate 1911 CE 1924 CE Niislel Khuree Mongolian  Mongolia,  Russia

Korea
Kingdom/Empire Established Disestablished Capital (s) Language (s) Today parts of
Silla 57 BCE 935 CE Seorabeo Old Korean,Middle Chinese  North Korea, South Korea
Goguryeo 37 BCE 668 CE Jolbon,Gungnae,Pyongyang Goguryeo,Classic Chinese  North Korea, South Korea, China
Baekje 18 BCE 660 CE Wirye,Ungjin Baekje,Classic Chinese  North Korea, South Korea
Gaya confederacy 42 CE 562 CE Gaya  South Korea
Balhae 698 CE 926 CE Dunhua GoguryeoTungusic,Middle Chinese  North Korea, China, Russia
Later Baekje 892 CE 936 CE Wansanju Old Korean,Classic Chinese  South Korea
Unified Silla 668 CE 935 CE Seorabeol Old Korean,Middle Chinese  North Korea, South Korea, China
Taebong 901 CE 918 CE Songak,Cheolwon Old Korean,Classic Chinese  North Korea, South Korea
Goryeo 918 CE 1392 CE Gaegyeong Middle Korean,Classic Chinese  North Korea, South Korea

West Asia, East Europe

West Asia

East Europe

Central Asia

Kushan empire

See also

References
  1. Omvedt, Gail (18 August 2003). Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-9664-4.
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